The DOI matches its Crossref record; 111 of the 113 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bioactivities from Marine Algae of the Genus Gracilaria
Open accessAbstract
Seaweeds are an important source of bioactive metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. Many of these compounds are used to treat diseases like cancer, acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well as viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. This paper offers a survey of the literature for Gracilaria algae extracts with biological activity, and identifies avenues for future research. Nineteen species of this genus that were tested for antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, cytotoxic, spermicidal, embriotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities are cited from the 121 references consulted.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures







Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Macroalgae also produce antimicrobial compounds (de Almeida et al., 2011), so it is possible that the normal intestinal microbiota of manatees was affected by a high macroalgal intake, with an associated increase in Clostridiales.”
From Novel Lethal Clostridial Infection in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Cause of the 2013 Unusual Mortality Event in the Indian River Lagoon (2022) · cites this paper as de Almeida et al., 2011
In the citing paper
“Different studies [49,50] with extracts from red algae were carried out. These extracts were administrated to female rats in the first seven days of their pregnancies. As result, it was demonstrated that these extracts have post-coital contraceptive protection in the rats without showing any relevant adverse effect.”
From The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value (2019) · cites this paper as [50]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Biomedical Compounds from Marine organisms
Jha, R. K., & Zi-rong, X. (2004) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md203123 · Cited by 324
RetractedFaulkner, D. J. (1990) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/np9900700269 · Cited by 4,880
Brine Shrimp: A Convenient General Bioassay for Active Plant Constituents
Meyer, B., Ferrigni, N. R., Putnam, J. E., Jacobsen, L. B., Nichols, D. E., & McLaughlin, J. (1982) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2007-971236 · Cited by 4,841
Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981–2002
Newman, D. J., Cragg, G. M., & Snader, K. M. (2003) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/np030096l · Cited by 3,082
Metabolites from algae with economical impact
Cardozo, K. H. M., Guaratini, T., Barros, M. P., Falcão, V. D. R., Tonon, Â. P., Lopes, N. P., Campos, S. C. G., Torres, M. A., Souza, A. D. O., Colepicolo, P., et al. (2006) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Toxicology & Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.05.007 · Cited by 960
Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of seaweed natural products: A review
Smit, A. J. (2004) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1023/b:japh.0000047783.36600.ef · Cited by 806
Microglia as effector cells in brain damage and repair: focus on prostanoids and nitric oxide
Minghetti, L. (1998) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00052-x · Cited by 562
Chapman, V. J., & Chapman, D. J. (1980) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5806-7 · Cited by 535
Marine Derived Polysaccharides for Biomedical Applications: Chemical Modification Approaches
d’Ayala, G. G., Malinconico, M., & Laurienzo, P. (2008) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules13092069 · Cited by 516
An Update Review of Saffron and its Active Constituents
Rı́os, J. L., Recio, M. C., Giner, R. M., & Máñez, S. (1996) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199605)10:3 · Cited by 504
Research works printed but not linked: 24
- Lahaye, 1993, Marine algae as a source of dietary fibers: Determination of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents in some ‘sea vegetable’, J. Sci. Food Agric, 54, 523
- Premila, 1996, Antimicrobial activity of some marine algae of south-west coast of India, Indian J. Mar. Sci, 26, 201
- Jha, 2004, Biomedical compounds from marine organisms, Mar Drugs, 2, 123, 10.3390/md203123 · DOI
- Rehm, 2001, Marine biotechnology, Biotechnology, 10, 441
- Linsert, 1994, Revolution in infant formula brewing in Herman’s calves. DNA algae, Genet. Eng. Biotechnol. Monit, 1, 45
- Khotimchenko, 1963, Fatty acids of marine algae from the 12 substances from marine algae Puerto Rico, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother, 161, 68
- Combres, 1986, Fatty acid and sterol composition of red algae of the Indian ocean, Oceanol. Acta, 9, 339
- Castedo, 1985, Sterols from red and brown algae from the Galician coast, An. Quim. Ser. C, 8, 113
- Vilalta, 1984, Natural marine products from algae and cnidaria of the Galician estuaries, Cuad. Area Cienc. Mar, 2, 617
- Talarico, 1978, Properties and ultrastructures of r-phycoerythrin from Gracilaria verrucosa, Photosynthetica, 12, 369
- Chenieux, 1980, Seaweeds of French atlantic coast with antimitotic activity, Planta Med, 40, 152
- Avanzini, 1987, Green, red and brown algae from North Adriatic sea as source of possible cytotoxic products, Fitoterapia, 58, 391
- Sridhar, 1984, Biological activity of some marine algal extracts, Indian J. Mar. Sci, 13, 90
- Albuquerque, 1983, Detection of antimicrobial activity in marine seaweeds, Rev. Inst. Antibiot. Univ. Fed Pernambuco Recife, 21, 127
- Kamat, 1992, Bioactivity of marine organisms. VI. Antiviral evaluation of marine algal extracts from the Indian Coast, Bot. Mar, 35, 161, 10.1515/botm.1992.35.2.161 · DOI
- Nakamura, 1994, Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities of aqueous extracts from marine algae, Nat. Med, 48, 173
- Levring, T (1980). Tenth International Seaweed Symposium, Walter de Gruyter & Co.
- Parekh, 1984, Fatty acid content of some Indian marine algae, Indian J. Mar. Sci, 13, 45
- Roh, 1994, Structure of floridoside, a glycerol glycoside from the marine red alga Gracilaria verrucosa, Korean J. Pharmacogn, 25, 117
- Levring, T (1980). Tenth International Seaweed Symposium, Walter de Gruyter & Co.
- Matsuhashi, 1974, Effects of the freezing and drying method and the mechanical dehydration method by pressure on gel properties of dried agar, Reito, 49, 756
- Shi, 1983, Seasonal variation in yield, physical properties and chemical composition of agar from Gracilaria verrucosa, Oceanol. Limnol. Sin, 14, 272
- Aihara, 1968, Occurrence of antheraxanthin in two Rhodophyceae Acanthophora spicifera and Gracilaria lichenoides, Phytochemistry, 7, 497, 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)90896-3 · DOI
- Parekh, 1984, Fatty acid content of some Indian marine algae, Indian J. Mar. Sci, 13, 45
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phytochemical and Potential Properties of Seaweeds and Their Recent Applications: A Review
EL-BELTAGI, H. S., Mohamed, A. A., Mohamed, H. I., Ramadan, K. M. A., Barqawi, A. A., & Mansour, A. T. (2022) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md20060342 · Cited by 395
Marine algal natural products with anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties
Lee, J., Hou, M., Huang, H., Chang, F., Yeh, C.-C., Tang, J., & Chang, H. (2013) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/1475-2867-13-55 · Cited by 334
Antiviral Potential of Algae Polysaccharides Isolated from Marine Sources: A Review
Ahmadi, A., Moghadamtousi, S. Z., AbuBakar, S., & Zandi, K. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/825203 · Cited by 309
The Potential of Seaweeds as a Source of Functional Ingredients of Prebiotic and Antioxidant Value
Gomez-Zavaglia, A., Prieto Lage, M. A., Jimenez-Lopez, C., Mejuto, J. C., & Simal-Gandara, J. (2019) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox8090406 · Cited by 280
Priyadharshini, R. I., Prasannaraj, G., Geetha, N., & Venkatachalam, P. (2014) · Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s12010-014-1225-3 · Cited by 262
Metadata
- Authors
- De Almeida, C. L. F., De S. Falcão, H., De M. Lima, G. R., De A. Montenegro, C., Lira, N. S., De Athayde-Filho, P. F., Rodrigues, L. C., De Souza, M. D. F. V., Barbosa-Filho, J. M., & Batista, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Batista, Leônia M.
- ORCID
- Batista, Leônia M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2011-07-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4550-4573
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3155369
- OpenAlex
- W2080981798
- Cited by
- 252
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Marine Sponges and Natural Products
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal plant biology
- Keywords
- Gracilaria, red algae, marine algae, bioactive metabolites, antibacterial activity, antiviral activity, antifungal activity, antihypertensive effect, cytotoxicity, spermicidal activity, embryotoxicity, anti-inflammatory activity, drug development
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Anticonvulsants, Bacteria, Cell Survival, DNA Viruses, Fungi, Humans, Nervous System, Plant Extracts, Platelet Aggregation, RNA Viruses, Gracilaria
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review