The DOI matches its Crossref record; 122 of the 126 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adipokines and Obesity. Potential Link to Metabolic Disorders and Chronic Complications
Open accessAbstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized obesity as one of the top ten threats to human health. It is estimated that the number of obese and overweight people worldwide exceeds the number of those who are undernourished. Obesity is not only a state of abnormally increased adipose tissue in the body, but also of increased release of biologically active adipokines. Adipokines released into the circulating blood, due to their specific receptors on the surface of target cells, act as classic hormones affecting the metabolism of tissues and organs. What is more, adipokines and cytokines may decrease the insulin sensitivity of tissues and induce inflammation and development of chronic complications. Certainly, it can be stated that in an era of a global obesity pandemic, adipokines may gain more and more importance as regards their use in the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of diseases. An extensive search for materials on the role of white, brown and perivascular fatty tissue and obesity-related metabolic and chronic complications was conducted online using PubMed, the Cochrane database and Embase.
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![Figure 1 The conversion between adipocytes. Yellow arrows: white-brown-white adipocytes transdifferentiation, white-to-pink transdifferentiation, pink-to-brown transdifferentiation (🡆blue arrow: hypothesis which needs to be proved). Modified Figure 4 of [34], and Figure 2 of [35].](/paper-figures/4631834ddbc341bf8a289078ee321d07/adipokines-and-obesity-potential-link-to-metabolic-disorders-and-chronic-figure-1.jpg)
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“It is well understood that the bone, 165 muscle 236 and adipose tissues 237 secrete numerous cytokines, some of which represent an unexamined source of potential novel therapeutic targets.”
From The role of the androgen receptor in the pathogenesis of obesity and its utility as a target for obesity treatments (2022) · cites this paper as [237]
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Jachimowicz-Duda, O., Wąż, P., and Zorena, K. (2015, January 19–24). Interleukin-34 concentration is dependent on LDL cholesterol, HbA1c, CRP and WHR in patients with type 2 diabetes. Proceedings of the Crossroads of Lipid Metabolism and Diabetes 2015, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Szewczyk, J., Grzyb, I., Smolińska, A., Bołoz, M., Krawczyk, P., Wątek, Z., Lysynkiewicz, K., Haba, S., Dapkiewicz, E., & Gąsowski, D. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.112549
The role of dyslipidemia and obesity in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head
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Adiposity-dependent adipokine-immunoglobulin interplay in mature breast milk
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Clinical Reference Percentiles for AI-derived Epicardial Adipose Tissue: A Multicenter StudyPreprint
Kamagate, A., Shanbhag, A. D., Buchwald, M., Miller, R. J. H., Khanna, S., Kassem, T. Z., Kwieciński, J., Bullock-Palmer, R. P., Zhang, W., Marcinkiewicz, A. M., et al. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.08.28.26360111
Heart and Brain: Linking Obesity-Related Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease and Cognitive Function
Reiss, A. B., Gulkarov, S., Syed, U., Ben-Dor, G. A., Srivastava, A., Singh, M., & Leon, J. D. (2026) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd13100477
Dominiak, M., Niemczyk, W., Suwała, S., Gedrange, T., & Geller, V. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14102255
Obesity and fertility: the role of nutrition and pharmacotherapy options
Maksimov, M. L., Dudareva, V. A., Dyadikova, I. G., Vovk, V. O., Shikaleva, А. А., & Sidorova, A. D. (2026) · Terapevt (General Physician) · doi:10.33920/med-12-2609-02
Metadata
- Authors
- Zorena, K., Jachimowicz-Duda, O., Ślęzak, D., Robakowska, M., & Mrugacz, M.
- Affiliations
- Gdańsk Medical University (PL)
- Independent Public Specialized Health Care Center in Lębork, Department of Internal Diseases, Węgrzynowicza 13, 84-300 Lębork, Poland
- Medical University of Białystok (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Zorena, Katarzyna
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-05-18
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3570
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7278967
- OpenAlex
- W3024358488
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 126
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 105 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 7.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Keywords
- adipokines, obesity, metabolic disorders, chronic complications, insulin resistance, inflammation, cytokines, adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, perivascular adipose tissue, obesity-related comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Metabolic Diseases, Obesity, Adipokines
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