The DOI matches its Crossref record; 107 of the 107 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Physical Exercise and Myokines: Relationships with Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Complications
Open accessAbstract
Skeletal muscle is capable of secreting different factors in order to communicate with other tissues. These mediators, the myokines, show potentially far-reaching effects on non-muscle tissues and can provide a molecular interaction between muscle and body physiology. Sarcopenia is a chronic degenerative neuromuscular disease closely related to cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure, which influences the production and release of myokines. Our objective was to explore the relationship between myokines, sarcopenia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions of myokines include regulation of energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, lipolysis, free fatty acid oxidation, adipocyte browning, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, and general metabolism. A sedentary lifestyle accelerates the aging process and is a risk factor for developing sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, and CVD. Increased adipose tissue resulting from the decrease in muscle mass in patients with sarcopenia may also be involved in the pathology of CVD. Myokines are protagonists in the complex condition of sarcopenia, which is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with CVD. The discovery of new pathways and the link between myokines and CVD remain a cornerstone toward multifaceted interventions and perhaps the minimization of the damage resulting from muscle loss induced by factors such as atherosclerosis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This environment constitutes fertile soil for atherosclerosis’s chronic inflammatory process, a prelude to several cardiovascular conditions [8].”
From Adipokines, Myokines, and Hepatokines: Crosstalk and Metabolic Repercussions (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A. A., et al. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy169 · Cited by 13,818
A PGC1-α-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis
Boström, P., Wu, J., Jedrychowski, M. P., Korde, A., Ye, L., Lo, J. C., Rasbach, K. A., Boström, E. A., Choi, J. H., Long, J. Z., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10777 · Cited by 4,810
Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis
Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A. A., et al. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afz046 · Cited by 3,803
Winstein, C. J., Stein, J., Arena, R., Bates, B., Cherney, L. R., Cramer, S. C., Deruyter, F., Eng, J. J., Fisher, B., Harvey, R. L., et al. (2016) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/str.0000000000000098 · Cited by 3,293 · cited 1×
“These data are crucial because they can imply an increase in hospital time, health system costs, and mortality [98].”
BackgroundThe anti-inflammatory effect of exercise
Petersen, A. M. W., & Pedersen, B. K. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004 · Cited by 3,100
Muscle as an Endocrine Organ: Focus on Muscle-Derived Interleukin-6
Pedersen, B. K., & Febbraio, M. A. (2008) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.90100.2007 · Cited by 2,388 · cited 1×
“Considering these premises, if the endocrine role of muscle is not sufficiently stimulated by physical activity, the production and release of myokines may not be enough, contributing to the malfunction of many organs; with time, this biological scenario may lead to the development of frailty [59,69,70].”
BackgroundFoxO3 Controls Autophagy in Skeletal Muscle In Vivo
Mammucari, C., Milan, G., Romanello, V., Masiero, E., Rudolf, R., Del Piccolo, P., Burden, S. J., Di Lisi, R., Sandri, C., Zhao, J., et al. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.001 · Cited by 1,953 · cited 1×
“These processes avoid muscle wasting by strengthening protein synthesis and inhibiting FoxO3 through AKT-mediated phosphorylation [20,21].”
BackgroundSarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function
Larsson, L., Degens, H., Li, M., Salviati, L., Lee, Y. I., Thompson, W., Kirkland, J. L., & Sandri, M. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00061.2017 · Cited by 1,797
Zhao, J., Brault, J. J., Schild, A., Cao, P., Sandri, M., Schiaffino, S., Lecker, S. H., & Goldberg, A. L. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.004 · Cited by 1,489 · cited 1×
“These processes avoid muscle wasting by strengthening protein synthesis and inhibiting FoxO3 through AKT-mediated phosphorylation [20,21].”
BackgroundXu, J., Lloyd, D. J., Hale, C., Stanislaus, S., Chen, M., Sivits, G., Vonderfecht, S., Hecht, R., Li, Y.-S., Lindberg, R. A., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-0392 · Cited by 1,151
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–155 of 155
Impact of exercise-induced irisin on bones of osteoporotic male rat model
Moghazy, H. M., Mahmoud, A. A., Gebril, S. M., Foad, A. M., Refaei, R. A., & Abdel-Fadeil, M. R. (2023) · Gene Reports · doi:10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101804 · Cited by 2
Muscle-kidney crosstalk; the role of myokines
Moonesan, M. R. (2023) · Journal of Renal Endocrinology · doi:10.34172/jre.2023.25129 · Cited by 2
“However, more research is needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential of myokines in the context of muscle-kidney crosstalk (13,14).”
BackgroundNakao, S., Ngayama, D., Nakaseko, C., & Shimizu, N. (2024) · Journal of Chemotherapy · doi:10.1080/1120009x.2024.2376454 · Cited by 2
“Sarcopenia has recently been identified as a risk factor for ischemic heart disease [11], cardiovascular complications [13], and carotid plaque progression [14].”
The Association Between Erector Spinae Muscle Content and Chronic Heart Failure and Its Severity
Zhang, H., Hu, W., Yuan, M., Lu, D., Gao, Y., & Dai, Q. (2023) · ESC Heart Failure · doi:10.1002/ehf2.14482 · Cited by 2
Primo, D., Izaola, O., Gómez, J. J. L., & de Luis, D. A. (2023) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2023.04.007 · Cited by 2
Conceptual Approach to the Design of Enteral Nutrition Products
Agarkova, E. Y., Kondratenko, V. V., & Pryanichnikova, N. (2024) · FOOD METAENGINEERING · doi:10.37442/fme.2024.4.74 · Cited by 1
Age- and sex-related development of osteosarcopenia in the aging Octodon degus rodent model
Gallo-Soljancic, P., Stefano, M. E. D., Lucas-Ochoa, A.-M., Sánchez-Rodrigo, C., Cuenca-Bermejo, L., Cuello, A. M. G., Fernández‐Villalba, E., & Herrero, M. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2025.1486670 · Cited by 1
Li, J., Tang, Z., Zhang, X., Zheng, Y., & Yv, J. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-01133-9 · Cited by 1
Sarkopenie – eine chronisch degenerative Muskelerkrankung in jedem Alter
Laube, W., & Schedler, O. (2025) · MSK – Muskuloskelettale Physiotherapie · doi:10.1055/a-2564-8180 · Cited by 1
“Die Sarkopenie ist eine chronisch progressive degenerative Erkrankung des Organs Skelettmuskulatur und mit der Kardiomyopathie und der chronischen Herzinsuffizienz vergleichbar [1].”
Bosutti, A., Ganse, B., Mulder, E. R., Gruber, M., Venegas-Carro, M., Zange, J., Rittweger, J., Eggelbusch, M., Wüst, R. C. I., Hendrickse, P. W., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.70250 · Cited by 1
“Myostatin negatively regulates muscle growth, impairing the activation of satellite cells and myogenic factors, and/or reducing protein synthesis and increasing muscle catabolism [32].”
Exercise rehabilitation in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: a narrative review
Sun, M., Yang, Z., Xu, S., & Liu, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1735431 · Cited by 1
“Conversely, muscle loss is strongly associated with major cardiovascular conditions, including myocardial infarction, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and atherosclerosis (31).”
Reyes-Paz, Y., Castillo‐Martínez, L., García-Sánchez, J. R., Bernal-Ceballos, F., Villanueva‐Juárez, J. L., & Hernández‐Gilsoul, T. (2026) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20250908 · Cited by 1
“Increased muscle catabolism is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation, reactive oxygen species circulation, insulin resistance, and fat mass accumulation, leading to cardiovascular alterations 20,21 .”
Han, X. X., Holst, J. J., & Galbo, H. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12050837 · Cited by 1
Jouzi, Z., & Omidi, M. (2023) · Modern Care Journal · doi:10.5812/mcj-142039 · Cited by 1
A Review on Sarcopenia, Cachexia, and Aging
Nawal, C. L., Chejara, R. S., Singh, A., & Rankawat, G. (2025) · Journal of the Association of Physicians of India · doi:10.59556/japi.73.1116 · Cited by 1
Potential Role of Novel Myokine in Rats-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
(2021) · Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry · doi:10.33263/briac123.33053315 · Cited by 1
Кироненко, Т. А., Милованова, К. Г., Zakharova, A. N., Sidorenko, S. V., Климанова, Е. А., Дьякова, Е. Ю., Орлова, А. А., Negodenko, E. S., Kalinnikova, J. G., Orlov, S. N., et al. (2021) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.31857/s0320972521030118
Zheng, Y., huang, Z., Dong, S.-Y., & Zeng, Q. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-779117/v1
Kadir, N. A. N. A., Abdul-Razak, S., Daher, A. M., & Nasir, N. M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1310841/v1
Laube, W. (2022) · Manuelle Medizin · doi:10.1007/s00337-022-00907-w
Wijayatunga, N. N., & Fernández-del-Valle, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15485-0_30
Livzan, M. A., Gaus, O. V., & Fedorin, M. M. (2023) · Russian Medical Inquiry · doi:10.32364/2587-6821-2023-7-5-11
Schmerzen und nicht medikamentöse Interventionen
Laube, W., & Daase, A. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-66215-1_2
Effects of Nutritional Status on Sarcopenia in Elderly Adults in Mexico
Silva-Vera, M., Moreno, A. A. S., González, M. D. J. J., & Morales-Treviño, J. A. (2023) · Acta Scientific Medical Sciences · doi:10.31080/asms.2023.07.1652
Ausdauer: Mikrozirkulation, aerober Energiestoffwechsel, Sarkopenie, Schmerzen
Laube, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67753-7_7
Interaktionen Inaktivität, Krankheitsentwicklungen und Alterungsprozess
Laube, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67753-7_4
Muskulatur: „peripheres mechanisch- und Signalstoff-gestütztes Zentrum der Gesundheit“
Laube, W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-67753-7_8
Causality between Sarcopenia and Coronary Artery Disease: An updated Mendelian Randomization StudyPreprint
Cao, L. J., Sheng, Y., He, Y., Cai, C. Y. L., Wang, P., Geng, Z., & Liu, F. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3440194/v1
Organokinler ve Biyokimyasal Etkileri
İlhan, A., & Kökbaş, U. (2024) · Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi · doi:10.17827/aktd.1378295
The role of genes and myokines of developing sarcopenia: A review
Valeeva, F. V., Rodygina, Z. A., & Yilmaz, T. S. (2024) · Consilium Medicum · doi:10.26442/20751753.2024.4.202735
Safarpour, H., Safarzade, A., & Delpisheh, A. (2024) · Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology · doi:10.5812/jjcmb-149169
Role of Myokines and prospects for their role in Diabetes Mellitus Therapy
Nuriya, K., Farida, M., Sharma, R., Liliya, S., Mkhitaryan, X. E., Chergizova, B., Salikhova, Y., Niyazova, Y., Ryspayeva, G., Evnevich, A., et al. (2024) · Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology · doi:10.52711/0974-360x.2024.00786
Necessity and Components of Essential Health Screening for the Older Adult Population in Korea
Sohn, Y. J. (2024) · Korean Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.21215/kjfp.2024.14.4.177
Kim, T., Cho, J., Kim, Y.-H., Kim, J., Woo, S., & Kim, D. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.14.643197
“Many epidemiological studies have reported that the physiological changes induced by exercise training effectively control the incidence of sarcopenia by enhancing muscle strength 9 , improving body composition 10 , and inducing cardiovascular 11 and nervous system adaptations 12 .”
Hou, S., Wu, M., Gao, Y., Ren, Y.-X., Li, M., & Yang, M. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7445608/v1
Role of ACTN3 R577X Polymorphism in Mitochondrial Myokines After Endurance Exercise
Manoel, L. A. D. S., de Fontes-Junior, A. A., Sierra, A., de Menezes, D. C., Zocoler, C. A. S., Lima, G., Barbeiro, H. V., de Souza, H. P., Pesquero, J., & Cury‐Boaventura, M. F. (2026) · Clinical bioenergetics · doi:10.3390/clinbioenerg2010002
“Additionally, myokines influence cardiometabolic tissues, supporting beneficial adaptations to exercise [7].”
Risk of All-Cause Mortality in Different Muscle Health States Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Liao, Y.-H., Peng, T., Chao, Y., & Kao, T. (2026) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2026.106140
Li, J., Li, J., Xu, X., Wang, N., Wang, B., & Lü, Y. (2026) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2026.108917
Laube, W. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-72826-0_6
Predictors of Hip Fracture Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Study
Afzal, I., Imtiaz, M. F. B., Khalid, M. S., Malik, M. A. B. A., Ali, M. A., Akbar, S., & Malik, M. H. B. A. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.109449
“Although factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and coronary artery disease were not significantly associated with hip fractures in the present study, the existing literature suggests these variables influence fracture risk [1,8,12,15].”
Effects of exercise-induced myokines on rehabilitation and metabolic regulation
ÖZTÜRK, E. Z., & Alataş, M. (2026) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.1883007
Wang, Y., Lavier, J., Wang, L., Hua, W., Wei, H., Zhao, C., Pellegrin, M., Millet, G. P., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-026-06350-2
“Physical activity triggers the release of beneficial myokines, while hysical inactivity alters their normal secretion profile and promotes a network of metabolic patholo - gies, including hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease (Barbalho et al. 2020; Guo et al. 2020 ).”
Yadav, D., Benjamin, J., Kumar, R., Baweja, S., Sood, V., Lal, B. B., Khanna, R., & Alam, S. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70529
Shojima, M., Yamada, S., Okamura, K., Suenaga, T., Arase, H., Hiyamuta, H., Taniguchi, M., Tokumoto, M., Tsuruya, K., Nakano, T., et al. (2026) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.105054
Kim, T., Cho, J., Kim, Y., Woo, S. K., & Kim, D. (2026) · International Neurourology Journal · doi:10.5213/inj.2652056.028
“Exercise training is one of the most effective nonpharmacological strategies to maintain muscle health, resulting in improved strength, cardio-vascular function, and nervous system adaptability [6, 7].”
Zakeri, N., Amirsasan, R., & sarraf, V. S. (2026) · Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology · doi:10.66224/nsft.21.3.13
Role of integrin αvβ5 receptor and microglia in delayed-onset muscle soreness in mice
Rocha, B. L. G., Veras, F. P., dos Santos, R. S., Nunes-Silva, A., Romero, T. R. L., & Galdino, G. (2026) · Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility · doi:10.1007/s10974-026-09742-1
“Among these, irisin has emerged as a particularly relevant exercise-induced myokine due to its pleiotropic effects on metabolism, tissue repair, and cen - tral nervous system function (Barbalho et al. 2020a, b a).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Barbalho, S. M., Flato, U. A. P., Tofano, R. J., Goulart, R. D. A., Guiguer, E. L., Detregiachi, C. R. P., Buchaim, D. V., Araújo, A. C., Buchaim, R. L., Reina, F. T. R., Biteli, P., Reina, D. O. B. R., & Bechara, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (BR)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Avenue Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marília 17525-902, São Paulo, Brazil
- Universidade de Marília (BR)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Barbalho, Sandra Maria
- ORCID
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-05-20
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3607
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7279354
- OpenAlex
- W3028055237
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 107
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- myokines, sarcopenia, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, skeletal muscle, sedentary lifestyle, cardiomyopathy, chronic heart failure, metabolic syndrome, adipose tissue, muscle mass loss, atherosclerosis, insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cell Communication, Humans, Exercise, Cytokines, Muscle, Skeletal, Adipokines, Sarcopenia
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
