Obesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function
Open accessAbstract
In obese individuals, atherogenic dyslipidemia is a very common and important factor in the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Adiposity-associated dyslipidemia is characterized by low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and an increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Several factors and mechanisms are involved in lowering HDL-C levels in the obese state and HDL quantity and quality is closely related to adiponectin levels and the bioactive lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate. Recent studies have shown that obesity profoundly alters HDL metabolism, resulting in altered HDL subclass distribution, composition, and function. Importantly, weight loss through gastric bypass surgery and Mediterranean diet, especially when enriched with virgin olive oil, is associated with increased HDL-C levels and significantly improved metrics of HDL function. A thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms is crucial for a better understanding of the impact of obesity on lipoprotein metabolism and for the development of appropriate therapeutic approaches. The objective of this review article was to summarize the newly identified changes in the metabolism, composition, and function of HDL in obesity and to discuss possible pathophysiological consequences.
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Chronic inflammation contributes to increased rates of obesity and its complications, such as metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, and diabetes, all conferring increased cardiovascular risk.
“Therefore, this chronic inflammation state contributes both to the increased rates of obesity and its complications, such as metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes, all conferring an increased cardiovascular risk [4,14,15]”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Oxidative stress is crucially implicated in the chronic inflammation process that is an important component in obesity pathogenesis.
“As highlighted above, oxidative stress is crucially implicated in the chronic inflammation process that is an important component in obesity pathogenesis.”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Obesity is related to changes in lipid profile with a reduction in high density lipoprotein and an increase in triglycerides.
“Obesity is also related with changes in lipid profile [14] with a reduction in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and an increase in triglycerides.”
From Mediterranean Diet as an Antioxidant: The Impact on Metabolic Health and Overall Wellbeing (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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References 259 · Cited by 200
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [20]Voight B.F. Peloso G.M. Orho-Melander M. Frikke-Schmidt R. Barbalic M. Jensen M.K. Hindy G. Hólm H. Ding E.L. Johnson T. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: A mendelian randomisation study Lancet 2012 380 572 580 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60312-2 22607825 PMC3419820 · DOI · Paper page
- Authors
- Stadler, J. T., & Marsche, G.
- Affiliations
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Stadler, Julia T.
- Marsche, Gunther
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-11-26
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 8985
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7731239
- OpenAlex
- W3109966965
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 259
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 13
- FWCI
- 4.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Austrian Science Fund (DOC 31-B26)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Paraoxonase enzyme and polymorphisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Keywords
- obesity, high-density lipoprotein, HDL metabolism, HDL function, dyslipidemia, adiponectin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, HDL subfractions, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, bariatric surgery, Mediterranean diet, virgin olive oil, weight loss, cardiovascular risk
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Models, Biological, Obesity, Risk Factors, Bariatric Surgery
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