The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 117 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Breast Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Open accessAbstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Metastasis is the leading cause of high mortality in most cancers. Although predicting the early stage of breast cancer before metastasis can increase the survival rate, breast cancer is often discovered or diagnosed after metastasis has occurred. In general, breast cancer has a poor prognosis because it starts as a local disease and can spread to lymph nodes or distant organs, contributing to a significant impediment in breast cancer treatment. Metastatic breast cancer cells acquire aggressive characteristics from the tumor microenvironment (TME) through several mechanisms including epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and epigenetic regulation. Therefore, understanding the nature and mechanism of breast cancer metastasis can facilitate the development of targeted therapeutics focused on metastasis. This review discusses the mechanisms leading to metastasis and the current therapies to improve the early diagnosis and prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PD-1 and PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Breast Cancer
Hartkopf, A. D., Taran, F.-A., Wallwiener, M., Walter, C. B., Krämer, B., Grischke, E.-M., & Brucker, S. Y. (2016) · Breast Care · doi:10.1159/000453569 · Cited by 30,845
Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells
Al-Hajj, M., Wicha, M. S., Benito-Hernandez, A., Morrison, S. J., & Clarke, M. F. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0530291100 · Cited by 10,370
Untangling the ErbB signalling network
Yarden, Y., & Sliwkowski, M. X. (2001) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35052073 · Cited by 6,974
Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence
Dent, R., Trudeau, M., Pritchard, K. I., Hanna, W. M., Kahn, H. K., Sawka, C. A., Lickley, L. A., Rawlinson, E., Sun, P., & Narod, S. A. (2007) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-3045 · Cited by 5,091
Nieto, M. A., Huang, R. Y.-J., Jackson, R. A., & Thiery, J. P. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.028 · Cited by 4,492
Atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel in advanced triple-negative breast cancer
Schmid, P., Adams, S., Rugo, H. S., Schneeweiss, A., Barrios, C. H., Iwata, H., Diéras, V., Hegg, R., Im, S.-A., Shaw Wright, G., et al. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1809615 · Cited by 4,350
Tumor-Associated Macrophages: From Mechanisms to Therapy
Noy, R., & Pollard, J. W. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.06.010 · Cited by 4,089
Ginestier, C., Hur, M. H., Charafe-Jauffret, E., Monville, F., Dutcher, J., Brown, M., Jacquemier, J., Viens, P., Kleer, C. G., Liu, S., et al. (2007) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2007.08.014 · Cited by 4,012
Lapatinib plus Capecitabine for HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer
Geyer, C. E., Forster, J., Lindquist, D., Chan, S., Romieu, C. G., Pienkowski, T., Jagiello-Gruszfeld, A., Crown, J., Chan, A., Kaufman, B., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa064320 · Cited by 3,425
Palbociclib and letrozole in advanced breast cancer
Finn, R. S., Martin, M., Rugo, H. S., Jones, S., Im, S.-A., Gelmon, K., Harbeck, N., Lipatov, O. N., Walshe, J. M., Moulder, S., et al. (2016) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1607303 · Cited by 3,007
Metadata
- Authors
- Park, M., Kim, D., Ko, S., Kim, A., Mo, K., & Yoon, H.
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-06-18
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 6806
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4283122919
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 117
- FWCI
- 29.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Breast Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/ijms23126806
- The paper
- Park, M., Kim, D., Ko, S., Kim, A., Mo, K., & Yoon, H. (2022). Breast Cancer Metastasis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126806
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
