Initial Study on COMT and DRD2 Gene Polymorphisms as Well as the Influence of Temperament and Character Trait on the Severity of Alcohol Craving in Alcohol-Dependent Patients
Open accessAbstract
The main aim of this work was to determine the impact of COMT and DRD2 gene polymorphisms together with temperament and character traits on alcohol craving severity alcohol-dependent persons. The sample comprised of 89 men and 16 women (aged 38±7). For the sake of psychological assessment various analytic methods have been applied like the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD), Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) or Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) test. The SNP polymorphism of the analyzed genes was determined by Real Time PCR test. The results showed, that the COMT polymorphismmay have an indirected relationship with the intensity and changes in alcohol craving during abstinence. The DRD2 receptor gene polymorphisms are related with the intensity of alcohol craving. It seems that the character traits like “self-targeting”, including “self-acceptance”, are more closely related to the severity of alcohol craving and polymorphic changes in the DRD2 receptor than temperamental traits. Although this is a pilot study the obtained results appeared to be promising and clearly indicate the link betweengene polymorphisms alcohol craving and its severity.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Self-directedness and self-acceptance are more strongly linked to DRD2 polymorphisms than temperamental factors.
“Notably, traits such as self-directedness and self-acceptance appear more strongly linked to DRD2 polymorphisms than temperamental factors, underscoring the relevance of personality-genotype interactions in addiction vulnerability.”
From Beyond Stigma–Integrating Neurobiology, Genetics, and Awareness Integration Theory in Addiction Recovery (2026) · cites this paper as [70]
The Conclusions (page unavailable) associate the DRD2 A/A polymorphism with higher self-acceptance, but also with higher perseverance, a temperamental trait. The Discussion’s Study Limitations section only suggests a possible link to self-directedness. The paper does not establish that these character traits are more strongly linked to DRD2 than temperamental traits are. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPolymorphisms in COMT and DRD2 are associated with alcohol craving intensity during abstinence.
“Polymorphisms in genes such as COMT and DRD2 have been associated with alcohol craving intensity during abstinence.”
From Beyond Stigma–Integrating Neurobiology, Genetics, and Awareness Integration Theory in Addiction Recovery (2026) · cites this paper as [70]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369 · see citing works
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346 · see citing works
A psychobiological model of temperament and character
Cloninger, C. R. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008 · Cited by 5,458 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Temperament and Character Inventory The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a set of scales for measuring the dimensions of temperament and character in accordance with the psycho-biological concept of Robert Cloninger [56,57].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBardo, M. T., & Hammer, R. P. (1991) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90226-e · Cited by 3,229 · see citing works
Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis
Koob, G. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00195-0 · Cited by 2,953 · see citing works
Drug abuse: hedonic homeostatic dysregulation
Koob, G. F., & Moal, M. L. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5335.52 · Cited by 2,535 · see citing works
Effect of COMT Val 108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia
Egan, M. F., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Callicott, J. H., Mazzanti, C. M., Straub, R. E., Goldman, D. A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111134598 · Cited by 2,374 · see citing works
Limbic Activation During Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving
Childress, A. R., Mozley, P. D., McElgin, W., Fitzgerald, J., Reivich, M., & O’Brien, C. P. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.1.11 · Cited by 1,513 · see citing works
Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.251 · Cited by 1,062 · see citing works
Relapse Prevention for Alcohol and Drug Problems: That Was Zen, This Is Tao
Witkiewitz, K., & Marlatt, G. A. (2004) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.59.4.224 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
Psychometric properties of the Penn Alcohol Craving Scale
Flannery, B. A., Volpicelli, J. R., & Pettinati, H. M. (1999) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04349.x · Cited by 852 · see citing works
Gender Differences in the Epidemiology of Alcohol Use and Related Harms in the United States
White, A. J. (2020) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v40.2.01 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Drug Addiction as a Pathology of Staged Neuroplasticity
Kalivas, P. W., & O’Brien, C. P. (2007) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301564 · Cited by 735 · see citing works
Koob, G. F. (2011) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_129 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
A three-pathway psychobiological model of craving for alcohol.
Verheul, R., van den Brink, W., & Geerlings, P. J. (1999) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/34.2.197 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Barnett, J. H., Scoriels, L., & Munafò, M. R. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.005 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Classical Conditioning, Drug Tolerance, and Drug Dependence
Siegel, S. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3626-6_6 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Ludwig, A. M. (1974) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760100093015 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Temperament and Character Inventory
Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., Švrakić, D. M., & Wetzel, R. D. (1994) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t03902-000 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Addiction and its reward process through polymorphisms of the D2dopamine receptor gene: a review
Noble, E. P. (2000) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00208-x · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Koob, G. F. (2011) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28720-6_129 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Development of a questionnaire to measure alcohol dependence
Raistrick, D., Dunbar, G., & Davidson, R. (1983) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1983.tb02484.x · Cited by 292 · see citing works
What is craving? Models and implications for treatment.
Anton, R. F. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 289 · see citing works
IMPACT OF CRAVING ON ALCOHOL RELAPSE DURING, AND 12 MONTHS FOLLOWING, OUTPATIENT TREATMENT
Bottlender, M. (2004) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh073 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Cognitive concepts of craving.
Tiffany, S. T. (1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Reward sensitivity and the D2 dopamine receptor gene: A case-control study of binge eating disorder
Davis, C., Levitan, R. D., Kaplan, A. S., Carter, J., Reid, C., Curtis, C., Patte, K., Hwang, R., & Kennedy, J. L. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.09.024 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Relapse Prevention for Alcohol and Drug Problems.
Marlatt, G. A., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2005) · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Approaching avoidance. A step essential to the understanding of craving.
(1999) · PubMed Central · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Evren, C., Durkaya, M., Evren, B., Dalbudak, E., & Çetin, R. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00303.x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Marhe, R., Waters, A. J., van de Wetering, B. J. M., & Franken, I. H. A. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0030754 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
The dopamine D2 receptor gene: a genetic risk factor in substance abuse
Comings, D. E., Muhleman, D. R., Ahn, C. W., Gysin, R., & Flanagan, S. D. (1994) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(94)90154-6 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Alcohol‐responsive genes in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of human alcoholics
Flatscher‐Bader, T., van der Brug, M., Hwang, J. W., Gochee, P., Matsumoto, I., Niwa, S., & Wilce, P. A. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.03021.x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Comparison of three models of alcohol craving in young adults: a cross‐validation
McEvoy, P. M., Stritzke, W. G. K., French, D. J., Lang, A. R., & Ketterman, R. L. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00714.x · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Alcohol‐responsive genes in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of human alcoholics
Flatscher‐Bader, T., van der Brug, M., Hwang, J. W., Gochee, P., Matsumoto, I., Niwa, S., & Wilce, P. A. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03282.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Comparison of Craving Between Pathological Gamblers and Alcoholics
Tavares, H., Zilberman, M. L., Hodgins, D. C., & el‐Guebaly, N. (2005) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000175071.22872.98 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Blum, K., Braverman, E. R., Wu, S., Cull, J. G., Chen, T. J. H., Gill, J., Wood, R., Eisenberg, A., Sherman, M., Davis, K. R., et al. (1997) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000261 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Zilberman, M. L., Tavares, H., & el‐Guebaly, N. (2003) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-3-1 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A Discrete Dorsal Raphe to Basal Amygdala 5-HT Circuit Calibrates Aversive Memory
Sengupta, A., & Holmes, A. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.029 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Distal risk factors for suicidal behavior in alcoholics: replications and new findings
Roy, A. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00173-8 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The neurobiology of alcohol craving and relapse
Seo, D., & Sinha, R. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00021-5 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Samochowiec, J., Kucharska–Mazur, J., Grzywacz, A., Jabłoński, M., Rommelspacher, H., Samochowiec, A., Sznabowicz, M., Horodnicki, J., Sagan, L. M., & Pełka-Wysiecka, J. (2006) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.005 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Modell, J. G., Mountz, J. M., & Beresford, T. P. (1990) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.2.2.123 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Esposito-Smythers, C., Spirito, A., Rizzo, C. J., McGeary, J., & Knopik, V. (2009) · Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.03.012 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
David Bartrés-faz, A., Junqué, C., Serra-Grabulosa, J. M., López‐Alomar, A., Moya, A., Bargall, N. R., Mercader, J. M., Moral, P., & Clemente, I. C. (2002) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200207020-00010 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Blum, K., Chen, T. J. H., Meshkin, B., Waite, R. L., Downs, B. W., Blum, S. H., Mengucci, J. F., Arcuri, V., Braverman, E. R., & Palomo, T. (2007) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2006.12.062 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Walter, N. T., Montag, C., Markett, S. A., & Reuter, M. (2010) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31820037c1 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Obeïd, S., Lahoud, N., Haddad, C., Sacre, H., Fares, K., Akel, M., Salameh, P., & Hallit, S. R. (2020) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651501.2020.1723641 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Franques, P., Auriacombe, M., & Tignol, J.-P. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gender-specific differences in alcoholism: Implications for treatment
Walter, H., Gutiérrez, K., Ramskogler, K., et al. (2003) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0014-8 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Zakhour, M., Haddad, C., Salameh, P., Akel, M., Fares, K., Sacre, H., Hallit, S. R., & Obeïd, S. (2019) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.08.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The Impact of Gender, Depression, and Personality on Cravings
Zilberman, M. L., Tavares, H., Hodgins, D. C., & el‐Guebaly, N. (2007) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1300/j069v26n01_10 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Trzcińska, H. (2014) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.890012 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Lenz, B., Jacob, C., Frieling, H., Jacobi, A., Hillemacher, T., Muschler, M. A. N., Watson, K. A., Kornhuber, J., & Bleich, S. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.01.009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Dopamine D2 Receptor and N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor 2B Subunit Genetic Variants and Intelligence
Tsai, S., Yu, Y. W. ‐., Lin, C., Chen, T.-J., Chen, S.-P., & Hong, C. (2002) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000054951 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Closing the Gender Gap: The Case for Gender-Specific Alcoholism Research
Ruiz, S. M. (2013) · Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence · doi:10.4172/2329-6488.1000e106 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
HW_TEST, a program for comprehensive HARDY-WEINBERG equilibrium testing
Santos, F. A. B., Lemes, R. B., & Otto, P. A. (2020) · Genetics and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0380 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Deter the emotions: Alexithymia, impulsivity and their relationship to binge drinking
Herman, A. M., Pilcher, N., & Duka, T. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100308 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Schacht, J. P., Voronin, K. E., Randall, P. K., & Anton, R. F. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.298 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dopamine system genes are associated with orienting bias among healthy individuals
Zozulinsky, P., Greenbaum, L., Brande-Eilat, N., Braun, Y., Shalev, I., & Tomer, R. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.07.005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
COMT and BDNF Gene Variants Help to Predict Alcohol Consumption in Alcohol-dependent Patients
Klimkiewicz, A., Mach, A., Jakubczyk, A., Klimkiewicz, J., Wnorowska, A., Kopera, M., Fudalej, S., Burmeister, M., Brower, K. J., & Wojnar, M. (2016) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000277 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Muench, C., Wiers, C. E., Cortes, C. R., Momenan, R., & Lohoff, F. W. (2017) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13526 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Risk-Taking Propensity, Affect, and Alcohol Craving in Adolescents’ Daily Lives
Padovano, H. T., Janssen, T., Emery, N. N., Carpenter, R. W., & Miranda, R. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1639753 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Neurochemistry of Addiction
Nutt, D. (1997) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1077(199706)12:2+ · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Costello, M. J., Viel, C., Li, Y., Oshri, A., & MacKillop, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108127 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Siegel, S. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7743-0_9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gryz, M., Lehner, M., Wisłowska-Stanek, A., & Płaźnik, A. (2018) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/80500 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Small bottles – huge problem? A new phase of Poland’s ongoing alcohol epidemic
Zatoński, W. A., Młoźniak, I., Zatonski, M. Z., & Gruszczynski, L. A. (2019) · Journal of Health Inequalities · doi:10.5114/jhi.2019.87842 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Grochans, E., Grzywacz, A., Małecka, I., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Vitali, M. (2014) · Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2155-6105.1000181 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Synthesis of Dynamic Errors Correcting Algorithm for Auto–Balancing Bridge Methods
Khoma, Y., Khoma, V., Podpora, M., Kawala‐Sterniuk, A., Martínek, R., & Ožana, Š. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3022163 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationTraining emotion regulation processes in alcohol-abstinent individuals: A pilot study
Nandrino, J., Claisse, C., Duprez, C., Defrance, L., Brunelle, E., Naassïla, M., & Gandolphe, M. (2020) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106652 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The ventral pallidum and relapse in alcohol seeking
Prasad, A. A., & McNally, G. P. (2020) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15160 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Haberstick, B. C., Timberlake, D. S., Smolen, A., Sakai, J. T., Hopfer, C. J., Corley, R. P., Young, S. E., Stallings, M. C., Huizinga, D. H., Menard, S., et al. (2007) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2007.68.362 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Donofry, S. D., Roecklein, K. A., Wildes, J. E., Miller, M. A., Flory, J. D., & Manuck, S. B. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.037 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pérez, E. J. P., de León, J. M. R. S., Arroyo, Á. O., Mota, G. R., Luque, M. L., & García, C. P. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Influence of Personality Traits on the Severity of Alcohol Use Disorders
Pedrero, A. Á., Ávila, J., Palao, D. J., & Montejo, A. L. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7060127 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Thorberg, F. A., Hasking, P. A., Huang, Y., Lyvers, M., Young, R. M., Connor, J. P., London, E. D., & Feeney, G. F. X. (2020) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2020.1762022 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
High genes: Genetic underpinnings of cannabis use phenotypes
Thorpe, H. H. A., Talhat, M. A., & Khokhar, J. Y. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110164 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Céspedes, I. C., Ota, V., Mazzotti, D. R., Wscieklica, T., Conte, R., Galduróz, J. C. F., Varela, P., Pesquero, J. B., & Formigoni, M. L. O. D. S. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113563 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nennig, S. E., Fulenwider, H. D., Chimberoff, S. H., Smith, B. M., Eskew, J. E., Sequeira, M. K., Karlsson, C., Liang, C., Chen, J. F., Heilig, M. A., et al. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.214 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The alcohol crisis in Polish public health
Zatoński, W. A. (2019) · Journal of Health Inequalities · doi:10.5114/jhi.2019.91380 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Changes in depressed patients’ self-statements
Thompson, K., D'Iuso, D. A., Schwartzman, D., Dobson, K. S., & Drapeau, M. (2018) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2018.1543976 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Alcohol Dependence
Chaudhary, A., Kumar, P., & Rai, V. (2021) · Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/s12291-020-00933-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Głód alkoholu – konceptualizacja, wybrane modele i metody pomiaru
Chodkiewicz, J. (2014) · Alcoholism and Drug Addiction · doi:10.1016/s0867-4361(14)70019-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationGender-specific issues in alcoholism ? Introduction
Wiesbeck, G. A. (2003) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0009-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Mehić-Basara, N., Oruč, L., Pojskić, L., & Ramić, J. (2013) · Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences · doi:10.17305/bjbms.2013.2355 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pérez, A. P., Villalobos-Gallegos, L., Viveros, M. D. C., Graue, J., Marín-Navarrete, R., & de Hidalgo., C. E. C. L. A. D. E. (2015) · Salud Mental · doi:10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2015.038 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Obregón, A. M., Vega, M. V., Goldfield, G. S., & Llewellyn, C. H. (2020) · Nutrición Hospitalaria · doi:10.20960/nh.02897 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems
Cappell, H. D., Glaser, F. B., Israel, Y., et al. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7743-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Baseline Drinking Patterns in Non-Treatment Seeking Problem Drinkers
Baskerville, W., Nieto, S. J., Ho, D., Towns, B., Grodin, E. N., Li, C. Z., Burnette, E. M., Donato, S., & Ray, L. A. (2020) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agaa098 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Arnau, M. M., Mondón, S., & Jou, J. (2008) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.278 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Rakhmatulin, I. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3717324 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Alcohol, alcoholism, and introversion-extraversion.
Vogel, M. D. (1959) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0083770 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
From cosmetics to compassion: A case study of goal focused positive psychotherapy.
Plumb, E. I. W., Hawley, K. J., Conoley, C. W., et al. (2020) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000287 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Craving sensation in the assessment of alcohol-dependent persons
Juczyński, A., Chodkiewicz, J., Gąsior, K., Ziółkowski, M., Czarnecki, D., Biedrzycka, A., & Nowakowska‐Domagała, K. (2016) · Alcoholism and Drug Addiction · doi:10.1016/j.alkona.2016.09.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationAvetisyan, E. A., Petrosyan, A. A., Khachiyan, M. S., et al. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Upośledzona zdolność kontrolowania picia alkoholu w ujęciu DSM-5 implikacje dla praktyki klinicznej
Modrzyński, R. (2019) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [61]Marlatt G.A. Relapse prevention: Theoretical rationale and overview of the model Relapse Prevention Guilford Press New York, NY, USA 1985 3 70
- [77]Longstaff A. Neuroscience. Garland Science Taylor & Francis Group New York, NY, USA 2011
- [95]Pérez E.J.P. De León J.M.R.S. Mota G.R. Luque M.L. García C.P. Diferencias de personalidad entre adictos al alcohol y controles emparejados: Relación con sintomatología frontal y subtipos de adictos Psicothema 2011 23 100 106 21266149
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blum, K., Gold, M., Jafari, N., Lewandrowski, K.-U., Sharafshah, A., Mohankumar, K., Lorio, M., Bowirrat, A., Pinhasov, A., Thanos, K., et al. (2026) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s561157 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“70 The GABAA receptor family, particularly receptors containing ρ1, ρ2, or ρ3 subunits, has been primarily studied in retinal tissue but is also expressed in multiple brain regions.”
- Authors
- Czarnecki, D., Ziółkowski, M., Chodkiewicz, J., Długosz, A., Feldheim, J., Waszkiewicz, N., Kułak-Bejda, A., Gorzkiewicz, M., Budzyński, J., Junkiert-Czarnecka, A., Siomek-Górecka, A., Nicpoń, K., Kawala-Sterniuk, A., Ferri, R., Pelc, M., Walecki, P., Laskowska, E., & Gorzelańczyk, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Nicolaus Copernicus University (PL)
- University of Łódź (PL)
- Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology (PL)
- Medical University of Białystok (PL)
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, ul. Karłowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland
- Oasi Research Institute IRCCS, Via C. Ruggero, 73, 94018 Troina, Italy
- Opole University of Technology (PL)
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Czarnecki, Damian
- ORCID
- Czarnecki, Damian
- Ziółkowski, Marcin
- Chodkiewicz, Jan
- Długosz, Anna
- Feldheim, Joanna
- Waszkiewicz, Napoleon
- Kułak-Bejda, Agnieszka
- Gorzkiewicz, Marta
- Budzyński, Jacek
- Junkiert-Czarnecka, Anna
- Siomek-Górecka, Agnieszka
- Nicpoń, Krzysztof
- Kawala-Sterniuk, Aleksandra
- Ferri, Raffaele
- Pelc, Mariusz
- Walecki, Piotr
- Laskowska, Ewa
- Gorzelańczyk, Edward Jacek
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-12-15
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 5892
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8704345
- OpenAlex
- W4200287926
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 97
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Health Program: "Supporting research in the area of risk factors and factors protecting against problems resulting from alcohol consumption" (74/44/3.4.3/18/DEA)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- COMT gene polymorphism, DRD2 gene polymorphism, alcohol craving, alcoholism, temperament, character traits, self-targeting, self-acceptance, dopamine receptors, abstinence, genetic susceptibility
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
