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Revisiting Latex-Fruit Syndrome after 30 Years of Research: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Description of Two Cases

Gromek, Weronika, Kołdej, Natalia, Świtała, Szymon, Majsiak, Emilia, Kurowski, Marcin·2024·Journal of Clinical Medicine
DOI 10.3390/jcm13144222PMC PMC11278189
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Abstract

Thirty years have passed since the concept of latex-fruit syndrome (LFS) was first introduced. Since then, this phenomenon, characterized by cross-reactivity between natural latex rubber allergens and certain fruit allergens, has been extensively studied. This literature review sought to determine the prevalence of LFS in latex-allergic patients, identify the most common cross-reactions with fruit allergens in individuals with LFS, and understand the clinical manifestations of this syndrome. An extensive literature search was carried out using PubMed and Scopus databases, while applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis methodology. The analysis of original studies revealed a wide variation in LFS prevalence (4–88%) influenced by diverse diagnostic tools, different geographical regions, and the size of study populations. Our findings indicate that the most prevalent allergenic fruits in patients with LFS are banana, avocado, kiwifruit, and papaya. After evaluating the symptoms of the fruit hypersensitivity of patients with LFS, the clinical manifestation of hypersensitivity constituted 73% of systemic allergy symptoms and only 27% of reported symptoms described the localized allergy. Furthermore, the clinical picture of latex-fruit syndrome is illustrated through two cases, one typical and one with an unusual presentation. Their clinical features were assessed and contrasted utilizing different anaphylaxis severity grading criteria. To properly manage LFS, it is essential to establish standardized diagnostic criteria and severity grading systems, as these are crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment.

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Figure 2 Forest plot of prevalence of latex-fruit syndrome in latex allergic patients based on skin prick test as a diagnostic method [52,53,56,57,58,60,61].
Figure 2 Forest plot of prevalence of latex-fruit syndrome in latex allergic patients based on skin prick test as a diagnostic method [52,53,56,57,58,60,61].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Forest plot of prevalence of latex-fruit syndrome in latex allergic patients based on clinical history as a diagnostic method [49,50,52,53,56,59,62].
Figure 3 Forest plot of prevalence of latex-fruit syndrome in latex allergic patients based on clinical history as a diagnostic method [49,50,52,53,56,59,62].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Forest plot of prevalence of latex-fruit syndrome in latex allergic patients using combined history and diagnostic methods (serum immunoglobulin E/Skin Prick Test) [2,50,54,55,58].
Figure 4 Forest plot of prevalence of latex-fruit syndrome in latex allergic patients using combined history and diagnostic methods (serum immunoglobulin E/Skin Prick Test) [2,50,54,55,58].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 1 PRISMA flow chart displaying the process of sources’ selection.
Figure 1 PRISMA flow chart displaying the process of sources’ selection.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Gromek, W., Kołdej, N., Świtała, S., Majsiak, E., & Kurowski, M.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Medicine
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-07-19
Volume
13
Issue
14
Pages
4222
ISSN
2077-0383
DOI
10.3390/jcm13144222
PMC
PMC11278189
Cited by
21
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)

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