Diabetes-Related Changes in Carotid Wall Properties: Role of Triglycerides
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Background/Objectives: This study compares the power of the radiofrequency (RF) signal reflected from the media layer (media power) of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the CCA stiffness between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also evaluates the associations of CCA media power with plasma glucose and lipid levels, as well as carotid stiffness. Methods: A total of 540 individuals, 115 with and 425 without T2DM (273 males, mean age = 64 ± 8 years) were studied using RF-based tracking of the right CCA. The following parameters were measured: CCA media thickness, luminal diameter, wall tensile stress (WTS), local pulse wave velocity (PWV), and media power. Results: Compared to the non-diabetic individuals, the T2DM patients had significantly higher CCA media thickness (652 ± 122 vs. 721 ± 138 microns, p < 0.005), luminal diameter (6.12 ± 0.78 vs. 6.86 ± 0.96 mm, p < 0.0005), media power (36.1 ± 4.8 vs. 39.3 ± 4.6, p < 0.0001), and PWV (7.65 ± 1.32 vs. 8.40 ± 1.89 m/s; p < 0.01), but comparable WTS (32.7 ± 10.4 vs. 33.1 ± 10.7 kPa; p = 0.25). In the entire population, CCA media power was independently associated with male sex, pulse pressure, current smoking, and T2DM; when T2DM was not included in the model, triglycerides emerged as an independent determinant of media power. The CCA PWV was independently associated with age, pulse pressure, media power, and T2DM. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the presence of structural changes in the arterial media of T2DM patients, leading to carotid stiffening and remodeling, aiming to preserve WTS. T2DM-related changes in arterial wall composition may be driven by high plasma triglyceride levels, which have previously been associated with both arterial stiffening and the incidence of CV events.
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Patients with elevated triglycerides exhibit higher intensity of arterial wall inflammation on PET imaging, potentially reflecting TRL-induced endothelial activation.
“PET imaging with tracers of inflammation (e.g., 18 F-FDG) has demonstrated that patients with elevated TGs exhibit higher intensity of arterial wall inflammation, potentially reflecting TRL-induced endothelial activation [41].”
From Targeting Triglycerides in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapies (2026) · cites this paper as [41]
The Introduction reports increased carotid-wall FDG-PET uptake in people with type 2 diabetes, with uptake increasing alongside fasting glucose—not triglycerides. The Results and Discussion link triglycerides to ultrasound measures of carotid-wall properties and stiffness, but do not report higher PET-measured inflammation in patients with elevated triglycerides or attribute it to TRL-induced endothelial activation. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Kozakova, M., Morizzo, C., Penno, G., Chiappino, D., & Palombo, C.
- Affiliations
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Palombo, Carlo
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-09-23
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 5654
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11433327
- OpenAlex
- W4402762197
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, carotid artery, arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, triglycerides, arterial remodeling, plasma lipids, pulse pressure
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