It’s More Than a Blood Test: Patients’ Perspectives on Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Open accessAbstract
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) offers pregnant women a new risk assessment tool for fetal aneuploidy that is superior to conventional screening tests. We conducted focus groups with women who were currently pregnant or had recently delivered in the past year to characterize their perspectives about NIPT and to explore factors they would consider during decision making about its use. Women identified accuracy, early timing, testing ease, and determination of fetal sex as advantages of NIPT over other screens, and the noninvasive method of NIPT as an advantage over diagnostic tests. False positive and false negative results, anxiety, cost and insurance coverage were seen as disadvantages of NIPT. Women who do not want fetal aneuploidy information most likely will not undergo NIPT, despite its advantages over other screening tests. However, given its advantages, the decision to have NIPT is straightforward for women who want genetic information about the fetus. Women emphasized the need to make autonomous, private, and informed choices about NIPT, as they would with any prenatal genetic testing option. These perspectives may guide clinicians to conduct effective and clinically relevant counseling with pregnant women who consider utilizing this new genetic technology.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Quotes from women from interviews or focus groups on waiting time and accuracy of test results correspond to van Schendel et al.'s findings from questionnaires: waiting time was experienced as long and/or stressful, and women had a high confidence in negative NIPT results.
“Quotes from women from interviews (Vanstone et al. [25]) or focus groups (Farrell et al. [19]) on the aspects of waiting time and accuracy of test results correspond to Van Schendel et al.’s findings from questionnaires: Waiting time was experienced as long and/or stressful, and women had a high confidence in negative NIPT results.”
From Psychological and social consequences of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): a scoping review (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
The scoping review identified seven studies that investigated psychological and/or social consequences after NIPT.
“In this scoping review, we identified seven studies that investigated psychological and/or social consequences after NIPT [19–25].”
From Psychological and social consequences of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): a scoping review (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Two included studies assessed women's experiences with and feelings after NIPT in interviews or focus groups.
“Two studies assessed women’s experiences with and feelings after NIPT in interviews or focus groups [19, 25].”
From Psychological and social consequences of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): a scoping review (2019) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
(1998) · Sage eBooks · Cited by 38,631 · see citing works
Basics of Qualitative Research
Ozanne, J. L., Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. M. (1992) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3172751 · Cited by 17,852 · see citing works
Basics of Qualitative Research (3rd ed.): Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory
Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008) · SAGE · doi:10.4135/9781452230153 · Cited by 12,136 · see citing works
Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2003) · Field Methods · doi:10.1177/1525822x02239569 · Cited by 5,475 · see citing works
Memoing in qualitative research: Probing data and processes
Birks, M., Chapman, Y., & Francis, K. (2008) · Journal of Research in Nursing · doi:10.1177/1744987107081254 · Cited by 1,519 · see citing works
Chiu, R. W. K., Chan, K. C. A., Gao, Y., Lau, V. Y. M., Zheng, W., Leung, T. Y., Foo, C. H. F., Xie, B., Tsui, N. B. Y., Lun, F. M. F., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810641105 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Testing Women, Testing the Fetus
Rapp, R. (2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203011348 · Cited by 920 · see citing works
Norton, M. E., Brar, H., Weiss, J. M., Karimi, A., Laurent, L. C., Caughey, A. B., Rodríguez, M., Williams, J., Tomita‐Mitchell, A., Adair, C. D., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.05.021 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
(2012) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000423819.85283.f4 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
ACMG statement on noninvasive prenatal screening for fetal aneuploidy
Gregg, A. R., Gross, S. J., Best, R. G., Monaghan, K. G., Bajaj, K., Skotko, B. G., Thompson, B. H., & Watson, M. (2013) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2013.29 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Women’s experiences receiving abnormal prenatal chromosomal microarray testing results
Bernhardt, B. A., Soucier-Ernst, D., Hanson, K. J., Savage, M. S., Jackson, L., & Wapner, R. J. (2012) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2012.113 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Devers, P. L., Cronister, A., Ormond, K. E., Facio, F. M., Brasington, C. K., & Flodman, P. L. (2013) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-012-9564-0 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Marteau, T. M., Cook, R., Kidd, J. M., Michie, S., Johnston, M., Slack, J., & Shaw, R. W. (1992) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.1970120309 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Noninvasive prenatal diagnosis: pregnant women's interest and expected uptake
Tischler, R., Hudgins, L., Blumenfeld, Y. J., Greely, H. T., & Ormond, K. E. (2011) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.2888 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
van den Heuvel, A., Chitty, L. S., Dormandy, E., Newson, A. J., Deans, Z., Attwood, S., Haynes, S. V. Z., & Marteau, T. M. (2009) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.05.014 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Hill, M. K., Fisher, J., Chitty, L. S., & Stephen Morris, A. (2012) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2012.68 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Risks, Values, and Decision Making Surrounding Pregnancy
Lyerly, A. D., Mitchell, L. M., Armstrong, E. M., Harris, L. H., Kukla, R., Kuppermann, M., & Little, M. O. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000258285.43499.4b · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Ethical challenges in providing noninvasive prenatal diagnosis
BENN, P. A., & Chapman, A. R. (2010) · Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/gco.0b013e3283372352 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
A New Era in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing
Morain, S. R., Greene, M. F., & Mello, M. M. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmp1304843 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Fairbrother, G. L., Johnson, S., Musci, T. J., & Song, K. (2013) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.4092 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Women and prenatal testing: facing the challenges of genetic technology
Rothenberg, K. H., & Thomson, E. J. (1995) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.32-3937 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Is it time to sound an alarm about false-positive cell-free DNA testing for fetal aneuploidy?
Mennuti, M. T., Cherry, A. M., Morrissette, J. J. D., & Dugoff, L. (2013) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2013.03.027 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Sayres, L. C., Allyse, M. A., Norton, M. E., & Cho, M. K. (2011) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.2835 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Practical and Ethical Considerations of Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis
BENN, P. A. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.707 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Should Non-Invasiveness Change Informed Consent Procedures for Prenatal Diagnosis?
Deans, Z., & Newson, A. J. (2010) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/s10728-010-0146-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing for Fetal Aneuploidy
Echevarrı́a, M., Comas, C., Serra, B., & Rodríguez, M. (2013) · Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1316 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
BENN, P. A., BORRELL, A., Crossley, J., Cuckle, H., Dugoff, L., Gross, S. J., Johnson, J.-A., Maymon, R., Odibo, A. O., Schielen, P. C. J. I., et al. (2011) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.2730 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Allyse, M. A., Sayres, L. C., Havard, M. E., King, J. S., Greely, H. T., Hudgins, L., Taylor, J. B., Norton, M. E., Cho, M. K., Magnus, D. C., et al. (2013) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.4144 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Communicating risk in prenatal genetic testing
Gates, E. A. (2004) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1016/j.jmwh.2004.02.014 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Durand, M., Stiel, M., Boivin, J., & Elwyn, G. J. (2010) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/j.1369-7625.2009.00544.x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Farrell, R. M., Dolgin, N. H., Flocke, S. A., Winbush, V. R., Mercer, M. B., & Simon, C. M. (2011) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3182076633 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-invasive prenatal diagnosis for aneuploidy: toward an integral ethical assessment
de Jong, A., Dondorp, W., Frints, S. G. M., de Die-Smulders, C. E. M., & de Wert, G. M. W. R. (2011) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der268 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bailit, J. L., & Srinivas, S. K. (2012) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2012.05.018 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The importance of genetic counseling before amniocentesis.
Cohn, G., Gould, M., Miller, R. C., Habecker-Green, J., Macri, C. J., & Gimovsky, M. L. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Amniocentesis and informed consent.
Drummond, M., & Knight, L. A. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 3 · see citing works
(1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.296.6621.566 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cernat, A., Freitas, C. D., Majid, U., Trivedi, F., Higgins, C., & Vanstone, M. G. (2019) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2168-4 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Noninvasive Prenatal Genetic Testing: Current and Emerging Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues
Minear, M. A., Kraft, S. A., Allyse, M. A., Michie, M., & Chandrasekharan, S. (2015) · Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev-genom-090314-050000 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Lewis, C., Hill, M. K., & Chitty, L. S. (2017) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.5154 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Toward an Ethically Sensitive Implementation of Noninvasive Prenatal Screening in the Global Context
Mozersky, J. T., Ravitsky, V., Rapp, R., Michie, M., Chandrasekharan, S., & Allyse, M. A. (2017) · The Hastings Center Report · doi:10.1002/hast.690 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Agatisa, P. K., Mercer, M. B., Leek, A. C., Smith, M. B., Philipson, E. H., & Farrell, R. M. (2015) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.4594 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationGammon, B. L., Kraft, S. A., Michie, M., & Allyse, M. A. (2016) · Ethics Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2016.07.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Vanstone, M. G., Cernat, A., Nisker, J., & Schwartz, L. J. (2018) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-018-0267-4 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Psychological and social consequences of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT): a scoping review
Labonté, V., Alsaid, D., Lang, B., & Meerpohl, J. J. (2019) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2518-x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Vanstone, M. G., Cernat, A., Majid, U., Trivedi, F., & Freitas, C. D. (2019) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Is preparation a good reason for prenatal genetic testing? Ethical and critical questions
Michie, M. (2020) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1651 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Floyd, E. G., Allyse, M. A., & Michie, M. (2016) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-015-9928-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Non-invasive Prenatal Testing and the Unveiling of an Impaired Translation Process
Murdoch, B., Ravitsky, V., Ogbogu, U., Ali‐Khan, S. E., Bertier, G., Birko, S., Bubela, T. M., de Beer, J., Dupras, C., Ellis, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/j.jogc.2016.09.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Garcia, E., Henneman, L., der Wal, J. T. G.-V., Martin, L., Koopmanschap, I., Bekker, M. N., & Timmermans, D. R. M. (2021) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41431-021-00945-3 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Parham, L., Michie, M., & Allyse, M. A. (2017) · Current Genetic Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40142-017-0113-x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Dane, A. C., Peterson, M., & Miller, Y. D. (2018) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-018-0250-8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Online direct-to-consumer messages about non-invasive prenatal genetic testing
Farrell, R. M., Agatisa, P. K., Mercer, M., & Coleridge, M. B. (2015) · Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online · doi:10.1016/j.rbms.2016.02.002 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationPatient-Centered Obstetric Care in the Age of Cell-Free Fetal DNA Prenatal Screening
Agatisa, P. K., Mercer, M. B., Mitchum, A., Coleridge, M. B., & Farrell, R. M. (2017) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/2374373517720482 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationBalancing Needs and Autonomy: The Involvement of Pregnant Women’s Partners in Decisions About cfDNA
Farrell, R. M., Mercer, M., Agatisa, P. K., & Coleridge, M. B. (2018) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732318796833 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationInformed decision-making about prenatal cfDNA screening: An assessment of written materials
Michie, M., Kraft, S. A., Minear, M. A., Ryan, R. R., & Allyse, M. A. (2016) · Ethics Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.jemep.2016.05.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Patient attitudes and preferences about expanded noninvasive prenatal testing
Dubois, M.-L., Winters, P., Rodrigue, M.-A., & Gekas, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2023.976051 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ngan, O. M. Y., Yi, H., Wong, S. Y. S., Sahota, D. S., & Ahmed, S. (2017) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-017-1474-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Glanton, E., Yarrington, C., Calderwood, L., Sosa, L. T., & Connors, P. D. (2020) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1002/jgc4.1240 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Agatisa, P. K., Mercer, M. B., Coleridge, M. B., & Farrell, R. M. (2018) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-018-0268-y · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationFarrell, R. M., Agatisa, P. K., Michie, M., Greene, A., & Ford, P. J. (2019) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1002/jgc4.1183 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationMichie, M., & Allyse, M. A. (2015) · AJOB Empirical Bioethics · doi:10.1080/23294515.2014.993440 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Eliciting women’s preference for prenatal testing in China: a discrete choice experiment
Wu, L., Wu, Y., Zou, S., Sun, C., Chen, J., Li, X., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Zeng, Q., Zhao, S., et al. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03270-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gogovor, A., Valois, M., Bartlett, G., & Ahmed, S. (2018) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzy224 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Women’s experiences with non-invasive prenatal testing in Switzerland: a qualitative analysis
Fang, M. T., Germani, F., Spitale, G., Wäscher, S., Kunz, L., & Biller‐Andorno, N. (2023) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-023-00964-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing: A Survey of Young (Future) Parents in Flanders
Borry, P., Favaretto, M., Batthyany, A., Boey, E., Tongerloo, S. V., Dooms, M. M., & Huys, I. (2017) · Personalized Medicine · doi:10.2217/pme-2017-0065 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wright, S. J., Dalal, G., Vass, C., Georgsson, S., & Payne, K. (2022) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.6243 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Thomas, S. P., Keller, M. A., Ranson, T. M., & Willard, R. E. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05423-w · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Consenting for Molecular Diagnostics
Klitzman, R. (2014) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2014.223404 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Peter, M., McInnes‐Dean, H., Fisher, J., Tapon, D., Chitty, L. S., & Hill, M. K. (2021) · Prenatal Diagnosis · doi:10.1002/pd.6066 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Attitudes of Maternal Fetal Medicine specialists on prenatal diagnosis, disability and termination
Sallam, A., Gazzola, M. G., Merriam, A. A., Mercurio, M. R., & Drago, M. J. (2023) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100232 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Peter, M., Baptiste, R., Lewis, C., Chitty, L. S., & Hill, M. K. (2025) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/1471-0528.18195 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Views and attitudes about the offer of NIPT: a qualitative study of UK healthcare professionals
Young, P. D., & Sahan, K. (2025) · BMC Medical Ethics · doi:10.1186/s12910-025-01227-z · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development and validation of a diabetes risk score among two populations
Schwatka, N. V., Smith, D. E., Golden, A. P., Tran, M., Newman, L. S., & Cragle, D. L. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245716 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Search for Certainty: A Pragmatist Critique of Society’s Focus on Biological Childbearing
Ross, J. P. (2018) · The Pluralist · doi:10.5406/pluralist.13.2.0096 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Schneider, L., & Tripathi, A. (2021) · SLAS TECHNOLOGY · doi:10.1177/24726303211021787 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Limits on quality of life: Who has the answer?
Coppus, A. M. W., & van Berkel, J. (2024) · Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jppi.12506 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Young, P. D. (2025) · Health Care Analysis · doi:10.1007/s10728-025-00513-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Noninvasive prenatal screening and diagnosis
Mersy, E. (2016) · doi:10.26481/dis.20161207em · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Okur, V., & Chung, W. K. (2021) · The International Library of Bioethics · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-82536-2_2
Human Reproduction Programme (HRP) (2024) · doi:10.37941/rr/2023/10
Wu, L., Wu, Y., Zou, S., Sun, C., Chen, J., Li, X., Lin, Z., Guan, L., Zeng, Q., Zhao, S., et al. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13070873
Fang, M. T., Germani, F., Spitale, G., Wäscher, S., Kunz, L., & Biller‐Andorno, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26630596
Fang, M. T., Germani, F., Spitale, G., Wäscher, S., Kunz, L., & Biller‐Andorno, N. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26630593
- Authors
- Farrell, R., Mercer, M., Agatisa, P., Smith, M., & Philipson, E.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Corresponding author
- Farrell, Ruth
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2014-06-19
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 614-631
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4449684
- OpenAlex
- W1975810962
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- March of Dimes Foundation (12-FY13-293)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Screening and Diagnostics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- non-invasive prenatal testing, patient perspectives, fetal aneuploidy, prenatal genetic testing, informed consent, genetic counseling, decision-making, fetal sex determination, false positives, anxiety, autonomy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
