Elevated Systemic L-Kynurenine/L-Tryptophan Ratio and Increased IL-1 Beta and Chemokine (CX3CL1, MCP-1) Proinflammatory Mediators in Patients with Long-Term Titanium Dental Implants
Open accessAbstract
Titanium is the mean biocompatible metal found in dental titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V). The safety of certain dental biomaterial amalgams has been questioned in patients. The levels of several systemic cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4: pg/mL) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), soluble fractalkine (CX3CL1: pg/mL) were determined using ELISA and compared between these study groups. The study included 30 controls without dental materials (cont), 57 patients with long-term titanium dental implants plus amalgams (A + I group) as well as 55 patients with long-term dental amalgam alone (A group). All patients (except controls) have had dental titanium implants (Ti-6Al-4V) and/or amalgams for at least 10 years (average: 15 years). We evaluated whether systemic levels of cytokines/chemokines, kyn/L-trp ratio and aromatic amino acid levels (HPLC: mM/L, Phe, L-Trp, His, Treo) could be altered in patients with long-term dental titanium and/or amalgams. These systemic markers were evaluated in 142 patients. The A + I group had higher L-Kynurenine/L-Tryptophan ratios than patients with long-term dental amalgam fillings alone (A). In addition, levels of IL-1 Beta cytokine, CX3CL1 and MCP-1 chemokines were higher in the A + I group than in the A group (A). The increased L-kyn/L-trp ratio and MCP-1 and fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) elevations could suggest enhanced chemotactic responses by these chemokines in the A + I group.
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CX3CL1 levels are significantly higher in patients with titanium implants and dental amalgam restorations compared to patients with only long-standing dental amalgam restorations.
“Thus, it has been shown that CX3CL1 levels are significantly higher in patients with titanium implants and dental amalgam restorations compared to patients with only long-standing dental amalgam restorations [171].”
From Potential Impact of Prosthetic Biomaterials on the Periodontium: A Comprehensive Review (2023) · cites this paper as [171]
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- Authors
- Merino, J. J., Cabaña-Muñoz, M. E., Toledano Gasca, A., Garcimartín, A., Benedí, J., Camacho-Alonso, F., & Parmigiani-Izquierdo, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (U.C.M), c/Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro CIROM, Centro de Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral Multidisciplinaria, 30001 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Instituto Cajal (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (ES)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- ORCID
- Garcimartín, Alba
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-09-02
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1368
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6780981
- OpenAlex
- W2970906987
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Docta Complutense (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Dental materials and restorations
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotoxicology and immune responses
- Keywords
- kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, dental amalgam, Ti-6Al-4V, IL-1β, MCP-1, CX3CR1, chemokines, cytokines, aromatic amino acids, systemic inflammation, biomaterial biocompatibility
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