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Effect of Mechanical Recycling on the Mechanical Properties of PLA-Based Natural Fiber-Reinforced Composites
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The present study investigates the feasibility of utilizing polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-based natural fiber-reinforced composites (NFRCs) in mechanical recycling. A conical twin screw extrusion (CTSE) process was utilized to recycle PLA and PLA-based NFRCs consisting of 90 wt.% PLA and a 10 wt.% proportion of either basalt fibers (BFs) or halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) for up to six recycling steps. The recycled material was then injection molded to produce standard test specimens for impact strength and tensile property analysis. The mechanical recycling of virgin PLA led to significant discoloration of the polymer, indicating degradation during the thermal processing of the polymer due to the formation of chromatophores in the structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) with respect to increased recycling steps, indicating an increased content of crystallinity in the PLA. Impact strength testing showed no significant detrimental effects on the NFRCs’ impact strength up to six recycling steps. Tensile testing of PLA/HNT NFRCs likewise did not show major decreases in values when tested. However, PLA/BF NFRCs exhibited a significant decrease in tensile properties after three recycling steps, likely due to a reduction in fiber length beyond the critical fiber length. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fracture surface of impact specimens revealed a decrease in fiber length with respect to increased recycling steps, as well as poor interfacial adhesion between BF and PLA. This study presents a promising initial view into the mechanical recyclability of PLA-based composites.
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Finnerty et al. (2023) showed discoloration and decrease in tensile properties of natural-fiber-reinforced PLA, and an increase in glass transition temperature and crystallinity of PLA after six recycling processes.
“Finnerty et al. (2023) showed the discoloration and decrease in tensile properties of natural-fiber-reinforced PLA, in addition to the increase in glass transition temperature and crystallinity of PLA after six recycling processes [14].”
From Effect of Degradation During Multiple Primary Mechanical Recycling Processes on the Physical Properties and Biodegradation of Commercial PLA-Based Water Bottles (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Finnerty, J., Rowe, S., Howard, T., Connolly, S., Doran, C., Devine, D. M., Gately, N. M., Chyzna, V., Portela, A., Bezerra, G. S. N., McDonald, P., & Colbert, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Technological University of the Shannon: Midlands Midwest (IE)
- Centre for Industrial Services and Design, Technological University of the Shannon, University Road, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Corresponding author
- Finnerty, James
- Colbert, Declan Mary
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Composites Science
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-04-06
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 141
- ISSN
- 2504-477X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4362669540
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 5.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Composites Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research@THEA (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Keywords
- polylactic acid, mechanical recycling, natural fiber composites, basalt fiber, halloysite nanotubes, impact strength, tensile properties, glass transition temperature, fiber length reduction, interfacial adhesion
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