Cited by 348TGF-β signaling in diseasesBone Metabolism and DiseasesDevelopmental Biology and Gene Regulation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 310 of the 312 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis

Open access
Halloran, Daniel, Durbano, Hilary W., Nohe, Anja·2020·Journal of Developmental Biology

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are multi-functional growth factors belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins are essential to many developmental processes, including cardiogenesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis. Specifically, within the BMP family, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) was the first BMP to be characterized and has been well-studied. BMP-2 has important roles during embryonic development, as well as bone remodeling and homeostasis in adulthood. Some of its specific functions include digit formation and activating osteogenic genes, such as Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 (RUNX2). Because of its diverse functions and osteogenic potential, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved usage of recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) during spinal fusion surgery, tibial shaft repair, and maxillary sinus reconstructive surgery. However, shortly after initial injections of rhBMP-2, several adverse complications were reported, and alternative therapeutics have been developed to limit these side-effects. As the clinical application of BMP-2 is largely implicated in bone, we focus primarily on its role in bone. However, we also describe briefly the role of BMP-2 in development. We then focus on the structure of BMP-2, its activation and regulation signaling pathways, BMP-2 clinical applications, and limitations of using BMP-2 as a therapeutic. Further, this review explores other potential treatments that may be useful in treating bone disorders.

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  1. Steele, D.G., and Bramblett, C.A. (1988). The Anatomy and Biology of the Human Skeleton, Texas A&M University Press.
  2. (2020, April 23). The Basics of Bone in Health and Disease, Available online: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK45504/.

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Items 301–348 of 348

Metadata

Authors
Halloran, D., Durbano, H. W., & Nohe, A.
Affiliations
University of Delaware (US)
Corresponding author
Nohe, Anja
Venue
Journal of Developmental Biology
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-13
Volume
8
Issue
3
Pages
19
ISSN
2221-3759 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3085579791
Cited by
348
References
312
Citations by year
2026: 57 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 1
FWCI
2.99
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Developmental Biology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
Keywords
BMP-2, BMP signaling, TGF-beta superfamily, bone homeostasis, bone remodeling, bone formation, embryonic development, digit formation, Runx2, recombinant human BMP-2, bone graft substitutes, spinal fusion, maxillary sinus reconstruction, bone disease

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