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Cited by 67Microbial Metabolism and Applicationsmelanin and skin pigmentationMicrobial Natural Products and Biosynthesis

Fungal melanins and applications in healthcare, bioremediation and industry

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Mattoon, Ellie Rose, Cordero, Radames J. B., Casadevall, Arturo·2021·Journal of Fungi
DOI 10.3390/jof7060488PMC PMC8235761
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Abstract

Melanin is a complex multifunctional pigment found in all kingdoms of life, including fungi. The complex chemical structure of fungal melanins, yet to be fully elucidated, lends them multiple unique functions ranging from radioprotection and antioxidant activity to heavy metal chelation and organic compound absorption. Given their many biological functions, fungal melanins present many possibilities as natural compounds that could be exploited for human use. This review summarizes the current discourse and attempts to apply fungal melanin to enhance human health, remove pollutants from ecosystems, and streamline industrial processes. While the potential applications of fungal melanins are often discussed in the scientific community, they are successfully executed less often. Some of the challenges in the applications of fungal melanin to technology include the knowledge gap about their detailed structure, difficulties in isolating melanotic fungi, challenges in extracting melanin from isolated species, and the pathogenicity concerns that accompany working with live melanotic fungi. With proper acknowledgment of these challenges, fungal melanin holds great potential for societal benefit in the coming years.

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  • Currently, tricyclazole, fenoxanil, benzothiostrobin (probencarb), and carpropamid are widely employed as antifungal agents for controlling rice blast.

    “Currently, tricyclazole, fenoxanil, benzothiostrobin (probencarb), and carpropamid are widely employed as antifungal agents for controlling rice blast [14,93].”

    From Fungal Melanin in Plant Pathogens: Complex Biosynthesis Pathways and Diverse Biological Functions (2025) · cites this paper as [93]

    The passages from Section 2 discuss fungal melanin production and extraction, while Section 4 discusses bioremediation; neither addresses rice blast control. Searches for the named agents, melanin-biosynthesis inhibitors, and rice blast found no passage in our copy stating that these agents are widely used against rice blast. (LLM, conf=0.75)

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Cited by

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Authors
Mattoon, E. R., Cordero, R. J. B., & Casadevall, A.
Affiliations
  • Johns Hopkins University (US)
  • Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Fungi
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-06-18
Volume
7
Issue
6
Pages
488
ISSN
2309-608X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/jof7060488
PMC
PMC8235761
OpenAlex
W3176805252
Cited by
67
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 3
FWCI
1.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Fungi (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Metabolism and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
Keywords
fungal melanin, radiation protection, antioxidant activity, heavy metal chelation, bioremediation, medical applications, industrial applications, melanin extraction, melanin structure, pathogenicity

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