Personalized Medicine in the U.S. and Germany: Awareness, Acceptance, Use and Preconditions for the Wide Implementation into the Medical Standard
Open accessAbstract
The aim of our research was to collect comprehensive data about the public and physician awareness, acceptance and use of Personalized Medicine (PM), as well as their opinions on PM reimbursement and genetic privacy protection in the U.S. and Germany. In order to give a better overview, we compared our survey results with the results from other studies and discussed Personalized Medicine preconditions for its wide implementation into the medical standard. For the data collection, using the same methodology, we performed several surveys in Pennsylvania (U.S.) and Bavaria (Germany). Physicians were contacted via letter, while public representatives in person. Survey results, analyzed by means of descriptive and non-parametric statistic methods, have shown that awareness, acceptance, use and opinions on PM aspects in Pennsylvania and Bavaria were not significantly different. In both states there were strong concerns about genetic privacy protection and no support of one genetic database. The costs for Personalized Medicine were expected to be covered by health insurances and governmental funds. Summarizing, we came to the conclusion that for PM wide implementation there will be need to adjust the healthcare reimbursement system, as well as adopt new laws which protect against genetic misuse and simultaneously enable voluntary data provision.
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Most American and German physicians agree that the costs for PM should not be covered by the patients themselves.
“Nevertheless, most American and German physicians agree that the costs for PM should not be covered by the patients themselves [88].”
From Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis (2021) · cites this paper as [88]
The Results (§3.4, Savings and Reimbursement) say that most surveyed physicians in Bavaria and Pennsylvania agreed that patients should not cover personalized-medicine costs themselves. The claim extends that finding to American and German physicians generally, whereas the source reports surveys in those two regions. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSome professionals consider apprehension about data confidentiality not being guaranteed.
“Some professionals consider apprehension about data confidentiality not being guaranteed [45, 88, 116].”
From Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis (2021) · cites this paper as [88]
The majority of physicians interviewed in the USA and Germany would not grant access to genetic information to employers and health insurance companies.
“The majority of physicians interviewed in the USA and Germany would therefore not grant access to genetic information to employers and health insurance companies [88].”
From Patients’ and professionals’ views related to ethical issues in precision medicine: a mixed research synthesis (2021) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Kichko, K., Marschall, P., & Flessa, S.
- Affiliations
- Universität Greifswald (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kichko, Kateryna
- Venue
- Journal of Personalized Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-05-02
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 15
- ISSN
- 2075-4426 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4932462
- OpenAlex
- W2343918595
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Personalized Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Medical and Health Sciences Research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Keywords
- personalized medicine, public awareness, physician acceptance, genetic privacy, genetic databases, health insurance reimbursement, United States, Germany, Pennsylvania, Bavaria
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