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A Digitally Controlled Adaptive Current Interface for Accurate Measurement of Resistive Sensors in Embedded Sensing Systems
Open accessAbstract
This paper presents a microcontroller-based technique for accurately measuring resistive sensors over a wide dynamic range using an adaptive constant current source. Unlike conventional voltage dividers or fixed-current methods—often limited by reduced resolution and saturation when sensor resistance varies across several decades—the proposed system dynamically adjusts the excitation current to maintain optimal Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) input conditions. The measurement circuit employs a fixed reference resistor and an inverting amplifier configuration, where the excitation current is generated by one or more pulse-width modulated (PWM) signals filtered through low-pass RC networks. A microcontroller selects the appropriate PWM channel to ensure that the output voltage remains within the ADC’s linear range. To support multiple sensors, an analog switch enables sequential measurements using the same dual-PWM current source. The full experimental implementation uses four op-amps to support modularity, buffering, and dual-range operation. Experimental results show accurate measurement of resistances from 1 kΩ to 100 kΩ, with maximum relative errors of 0.15% in the 1–10 kΩ range and 0.33% in the 10–100 kΩ range. The method provides a low-cost, scalable, and digitally controlled solution suitable for embedded resistive sensing applications without the need for high-resolution ADCs or programmable gain amplifiers.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Jittakort, J., & Aurasopon, A.
- Affiliations
- Rajamangala University of Technology (TH)
- Mahasarakham University (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Aurasopon, Apinan
- Venue
- Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2025-08-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 82
- ISSN
- 2224-2708 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4413008628
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Mahasarakham University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Embedded Systems and FPGA Design
- Keywords
- resistive sensors, microcontroller-based measurement, pulse width modulation, inverting amplifier, analog switches, wide dynamic range, op-amp circuits
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