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Evaluating Biochar’s Role in Dye Adsorption and Wheat Performance Under Saline Conditions

Kataya, Ghenwa, El Badan, Dalia, Cornu, David, Mousawi, Assi Al, Bechelany, Mikhael, Hijazi, Akram·2025·Materials
DOI 10.3390/ma18204678PMC PMC12565813
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Abstract

This research explores the dual role of biochar in addressing the escalating challenges of water salinity and pollution, focusing on its potential for both wastewater treatment and agricultural resilience. We investigated the adsorption capacity and efficiency of various biochar treatments to remove crystal violet dye from contaminated water. Biochar treated with H2SO4 demonstrated the highest adsorption capacity (450 mg/g). It consistently achieved 100% removal efficiency in all crystal violet concentrations tested, while silver-modified biochar showed a 99.95% removal rate at 50 ppm and an adsorption capacity of 5 mg/g. In agricultural applications, we evaluated the impact of biochar applications at concentrations of 1% and 3% on wheat crops irrigated with saline water of varying conductivity levels (0.63 and 10 dS/m). Wheat plants treated with 1% biochar exhibited the highest yield (26.6 cm) under 0.63 dS/m water conductivity, significantly outperforming the control group (17 cm). Biochar also resulted in elevated chlorophyll levels, with chlorophyll a ranging from 29.8 to 20.9 µg/mL and chlorophyll b ranging from 54 to 23 µg/mL, showing a marked improvement over the control. These findings demonstrate biochar’s potential to mitigate salinity-induced damage, with lower salinity conditions further enhancing chlorophyll a levels, while untreated plants showed reduced chlorophyll under high salinity.

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Figure 1 Effect of biochar loaded with silver nitrate on the removal rate and adsorption capacity of CV.
Figure 1 Effect of biochar loaded with silver nitrate on the removal rate and adsorption capacity of CV.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Effect of initial concentration on the removal rate and adsorption capacity of H2SO4-activated biochar.
Figure 2 Effect of initial concentration on the removal rate and adsorption capacity of H2SO4-activated biochar.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Effect of initial CV concentration on the removal rate and the adsorption capacity of CV by biochar (non-modified).
Figure 3 Effect of initial CV concentration on the removal rate and the adsorption capacity of CV by biochar (non-modified).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Effect of the initial CV concentration on the removal rate and CV adsorption capacity by magnetized biochar.
Figure 4 Effect of the initial CV concentration on the removal rate and CV adsorption capacity by magnetized biochar.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of CV dye onto biochars at room temperature: (a) H2SO4-biochar, (b) Ag-biochar, (c) Fe-biochar, and (d) non-activated biochar.
Figure 5 Adsorption isotherms of CV dye onto biochars at room temperature: (a) H2SO4-biochar, (b) Ag-biochar, (c) Fe-biochar, and (d) non-activated biochar.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Effects of different biochar doses on the length and growth of wheat crops under varying water salinity conditions.
Figure 6 Effects of different biochar doses on the length and growth of wheat crops under varying water salinity conditions.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Effects of different biochar doses on the content of (a) chlorophyll a and (b) chlorophyll b in wheat under varying water salinity conditions.
Figure 7 Effects of different biochar doses on the content of (a) chlorophyll a and (b) chlorophyll b in wheat under varying water salinity conditions.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Kataya, G., El Badan, D., Cornu, D., Mousawi, A. A., Bechelany, M., & Hijazi, A.
Venue
Materials
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2025-10-12
Volume
18
Issue
20
Pages
4678
ISSN
1996-1944
DOI
10.3390/ma18204678
PMC
PMC12565813
Cited by
2
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Lebanese university

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evaluating Biochar’s Role in Dye Adsorption and Wheat Performance Under Saline Conditions. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/ma18204678
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Kataya, G., El Badan, D., Cornu, D., Mousawi, A. A., Bechelany, M., & Hijazi, A. (2025). Evaluating Biochar’s Role in Dye Adsorption and Wheat Performance Under Saline Conditions. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18204678