Enzyme-assisted extraction of bioactive material from Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile and its effect on herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)
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Codium fragile and Chondrus crispus are, respectively, green and red seaweeds which are abundant along the North Atlantic coasts. We investigated the chemical composition and antiviral activity of enzymatic extracts of C. fragile (CF) and C. crispus (CC). On a dry weight basis, CF consisted of 11% protein, 31% neutral sugars, 0.8% sulfate, 0.6% uronic acids, and 49% ash, while CC contained 27% protein, 28% neutral sugars, 17% sulfate, 1.8% uronic acids, and 25% ash. Enzyme-assisted hydrolysis improved the extraction efficiency of bioactive materials. Commercial proteases and carbohydrases significantly improved (p ≤ 0.001) biomass yield (40%-70% dry matter) as compared to aqueous extraction (20%-25% dry matter). Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced the recovery of protein, neutral sugars, uronic acids, and sulfates. The enzymatic hydrolysates exhibited significant activity against Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) with EC50 of 77.6-126.8 μg/mL for CC and 36.5-41.3 μg/mL for CF, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.001 ID50/cells without cytotoxity (1-200 μg/mL). The extracts obtained from proteases (P1) and carbohydrases (C3) were also effective at higher virus MOI of 0.01 ID50/cells without cytotoxity. Taken together, these results indicate the potential application of enzymatic hydrolysates of C. fragile and C. crispus in functional food and antiviral drug discovery.
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EAE is a promising alternative to conventional solvent methods due to high catalytic efficiency, high specificity and mild reaction conditions.
“Enzyme-assisted extraction is a promising alternative to the conventional solvent based methods, due to its high catalytic efficiency, high specificity, and mild reactive conditions”
From Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification (2017) · cites this paper as Kulshreshtha et al., 2015
A combination of carbohydrase and protease enzymes extracted potent antiviral compounds from Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile.
“Recently, the use of a combination of carbohydrase and protease enzymes resulted in the extraction of potent antiviral compounds from brown algae Chondrus crispus and Codium fragile”
From Polysaccharides from macroalgae: Recent advances, innovative technologies and challenges in extraction and purification (2017) · cites this paper as Kulshreshtha et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Kulshreshtha, G., Burlot, A.-S., Marty, C., Critchley, A., Hafting, J., Bedoux, G., Bourgougnon, N., & Prithiviraj, B.
- Affiliations
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (FR)
- Acadian Seaplants (Canada) (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Prithiviraj, Balakrishnan
- Venue
- Marine Drugs
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2015-01-16
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 558-580
- ISSN
- 1660-3397 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4306952
- OpenAlex
- W2063355889
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 10.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Marine Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Université Européenne de Bretagne
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Hydrolysis and Bioactive Peptides
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal plant biology
- Keywords
- Chondrus crispus, Codium fragile, seaweed, enzymatic extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis, antiviral activity, herpes simplex virus type 1, proteolytic enzymes, carbohydrases, uronic acid, sulfated polysaccharides, bioactive compounds, functional foods, antiviral drug discovery
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyta, Antiviral Agents, Hydrolysis, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts, Herpesvirus 1, Human, Algal Proteins, Chondrus
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