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Biological and Chemical Diversity of Bacteria Associated with a Marine Flatworm
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The aim of this research is to explore the biological and chemical diversity of bacteria associated with a marine flatworm Paraplanocera sp., and to discover the bioactive metabolites from culturable strains. A total of 141 strains of bacteria including 45 strains of actinomycetes and 96 strains of other bacteria were isolated, identified and fermented on a small scale. Bioactive screening (antibacterial and cytotoxic activities) and chemical screening (ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)) yielded several target bacterial strains. Among these strains, the ethyl acetate (EA) crude extract of Streptomyces sp. XY-FW47 fermentation broth showed strong antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300 (MRSA ATCC43300) and potent cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells. The UPLC-MS spectral analysis of the crude extract indicated that the strain XY-FW47 could produce a series of geldanamycins (GMs). One new geldanamycin (GM) analog, 4,5-dihydro-17-O-demethylgeldanamycin (1), and three known GMs (2–4) were obtained. All of these compounds were tested for antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antifungal activities, yet only GM (3) showed potent cytotoxic (HeLa cells, EC50 = 1.12 μg/mL) and antifungal (Setosphaeria turcica MIC = 2.40 μg/mL) activities. Their structure–activity relationship (SAR) was also preliminarily discussed in this study.
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![Figure 5 UPLC-MS analysis and UV spectra of the crude extract of XY-FW47: (1) compounds with HR-ESI-MS [M − H]− 547.2805, 533.2992 and 547.2636 in red are very likely novel GMs (highlighted by red color); and (2) compounds with HR-ESI-MS [M − H]− 545.2548, 559.2783 and 561.2936 in black show to be known 17-O-demethylgeldanamycin, GM and 4,5-dihydrogeldanamycin (highlighted by black color).](/paper-figures/6b033e88a87a49819fdd0e52c846eeaf/biological-and-chemical-diversity-of-bacteria-associated-with-a-marine-flatworm-figure-5.jpg)
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“Geldanamycin is a natural fermentation product of the benzoquinone ansamycin and inhibits the heat shock protein HSP90 [220], as well show cytotoxic effect against HeLa cells [221].”
From Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs (2019) · cites this paper as [221]
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Marine Natural Products: A Source of Novel Anticancer Drugs
Khalifa, S. A. M., Elias, N., Farag, M. A., Chen, L., Saeed, A., Hegazy, M.-E. F., Moustafa, M. S., Abd El-Wahed, A., Al-Mousawi, S. M., Musharraf, S. G., et al. (2019) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md17090491 · Cited by 555
Carroll, A. R., Copp, B. R., Davis, R. A., Keyzers, R. A., & Prinsep, M. R. (2019) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/c8np00092a · Cited by 529
Nweze, J. A., Mbaoji, F. N., Huang, G., Li, Y., Yang, L., Zhang, Y., Huang, S., Pan, L., & Yang, D. (2020) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md18030145 · Cited by 77
Exploitation of Marine Molecules to Manage Alzheimer’s Disease
Silva, M., Seijas, P., & Otero, P. (2021) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md19070373 · Cited by 45
Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia
Kristiana, R., Bedoux, G., Pals, G., Mudianta, I. W., Taupin, L., Marty, C., Asagabaldan, M. A., Ayuningrum, D., Trianto, A., Bourgougnon, N., et al. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8093 · Cited by 30
Metadata
- Authors
- Lin, H.-N., Wang, K.-L., Wu, Z.-H., Tian, R.-M., Liu, G.-Z., & Xu, Y.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- HEC Research and Development Center, HEC Pharm Group, Dongguan 523871, China
- Corresponding author
- Xu, Ying
- Venue
- Marine Drugs
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2017-09-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 281
- ISSN
- 1660-3397 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5618420
- OpenAlex
- W2751551833
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7
- FWCI
- 2.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Marine Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41576146)
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2017A030313227)
- Seed Funding from Scientific and Technical Innovation Council of Shenzhen Government (No. 827000041, No. 827000012)
- Innovation program of Shenzhen (No. JCYJ20160428181415376)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Marine Sponges and Natural Products
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Microbial Metabolism and Applications
- Keywords
- marine flatworms, endosymbiotic bacteria, actinomycetes, Streptomyces, geldanamycin, geldanamycin analogs, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, HeLa cells, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, antifungal activity, structure-activity relationship, bioactive metabolites, marine natural products
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antifungal Agents, HeLa Cells, Humans, Marine Biology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Platyhelminths, Streptomyces, Structure-Activity Relationship, Benzoquinones, Geologic Sediments, Actinobacteria, Lactams, Macrocyclic, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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