Electrophysiological Evaluation of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Sensitivity to Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin
Open accessAbstract
Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may bio-accumulate high levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium. These blooms regularly occur in coastal waters, affecting oyster health and marketability. The aim of our study was to analyse the PST-sensitivity of nerves of Pacific oysters in relation with toxin bio-accumulation. The results show that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of saxitoxin (STX) sensitivity, thus providing intermediate STX sensitivity compared to other bivalve species. However, theses nerves were much less sensitive to tetrodotoxin. The STX-sensitivity of compound nerve action potential (CNAP) recorded from oysters experimentally fed with Alexandrium minutum (toxic-alga-exposed oysters), or Tisochrysis lutea, a non-toxic microalga (control oysters), revealed that oysters could be separated into STX-resistant and STX-sensitive categories, regardless of the diet. Moreover, the percentage of toxin-sensitive nerves was lower, and the STX concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of CNAP higher, in recently toxic-alga-exposed oysters than in control bivalves. However, no obvious correlation was observed between nerve sensitivity to STX and the STX content in oyster digestive glands. None of the nerves isolated from wild and farmed oysters was detected to be sensitive to tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, this study highlights the good potential of cerebrovisceral nerves of Pacific oysters for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. In addition, this study shows, for the first time, that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of STX sensitivity. The STX sensitivity decreases, at least temporary, upon recent oyster exposure to dinoflagellates producing PST under natural, but not experimental environment.
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Algal toxins are toxic to human brain nerves.
“Researchers have attempted to evaluate the effects of algal toxin; numerous studies demonstrate algal toxins are toxic to human brain nerves [124,125,126].”
From Current Status and Future Trends in Removal, Control, and Mitigation of Algae Food Safety Risks for Human Consumption (2022) · cites this paper as [125]
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- Authors
- Boullot, F., Fabioux, C., Hégaret, H., Boudry, P., Soudant, P., & Benoit, E.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire Pour la Santé (SIMoS), Département Médicaments et Technologies Pour la Santé (DMTS), Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, ERL CNRS/CEA 9004, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- ORCID
- Venue
- Marine Drugs
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-06-30
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 380
- ISSN
- 1660-3397 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8307532
- OpenAlex
- W3177171731
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8
- FWCI
- 1.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Marine Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Archive of Ifremer (French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (13-CESA-0019-ACCUTOX)
- French Research Network PHYCOTOX (None)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (None)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (None)
- Région Bretagne and the Université de Bretagne Occidentale (None)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Keywords
- Crassostrea gigas, saxitoxin, tetrodotoxin, paralytic shellfish toxins, compound nerve action potential, Alexandrium minutum, harmful algal blooms, toxin bioaccumulation, Tisochrysis lutea, electrophysiological markers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Pacific Ocean, Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin, Crassostrea, Electrophysiological Phenomena, Aquatic Organisms
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