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Cited by 11Mental Health Treatment and AccessHealth and Well-being StudiesHealth disparities and outcomes

Associations between depressiveness and psychosocial factors in Lithuanian rural population

Open access
Šidlauskaitė-Stripeikienė, Ieva, Žemaitienė, Nida, Klumbienė, Jūratė·2010·Medicina
DOI 10.3390/medicina46100098
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Abstract

Background and objective. Data from various scientific studies all over the world show that depression is becoming one of the biggest health problems in society. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of depressiveness and its associations with psychosocial factors (stress, social support, suicidal intentions) in Lithuanian adult rural population. Material and methods. Within the Countrywide Integrated Non-communicable Diseases Intervention (CINDI) program, the survey was carried out in a stratified random sample of population aged 25–64 in 5 rural regions of Lithuania between 2006 and 2007. A total of 1754 participants were examined. Results. About half (43.8%) of respondents experienced high and moderate levels of depressiveness. Women in comparison to men reported higher levels of depressiveness. The likelihood of depressiveness among women was related to older age, lower education, small social network, lower level of social support, higher level of stress, and suicidal intentions. Whereas, the same indicator among men was associated with older age, lower education, being divorced, small social network, having no social support, higher level of stress, and suicidal intentions. Conclusions. Depressiveness is highly prevalent among Lithuanian rural population with a higher prevalence among women than men. Older persons and persons with lower education of both genders were more likely to be depressed than younger and more educated persons. Absence of social support, high level of stress, and suicidal intentions were related to higher levels of depressiveness in both genders. Depressiveness was more common among women having a small social network and divorced men.

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  • Some rural populations are highly prone to MDD, and rural residence is associated with high depression rates and high stress.

    “In addition to socio-cultural factors, some research has indicated differences in the proportion of patients and severity of MDD between urban and rural communities, suggesting that some rural populations are highly prone to MDD [18].”

    From Stress and serum cortisol levels in major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study (2020) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Results and Discussion report high levels of depressiveness among Lithuanian rural adults and an association between depressiveness and perceived stress. They do not establish rates or severity of diagnosed MDD, compare urban and rural communities, or show that rural residence itself is associated with higher depression or stress. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The predominance of individuals in a rural community and low socioeconomic status in the study population are substantial factors underlying chronic stress and vulnerability for MDD development.

    “These conditions are substantial factors underlying chronic stress and vulnerability for MDD development.”

    From Stress and serum cortisol levels in major depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study (2020) · cites this paper as [19]

    The Abstract reports that lower education and higher stress were associated with depressiveness in a Lithuanian rural sample. The Discussion says the cross-sectional study cannot establish causation. It does not show that rural residence or low socioeconomic status causes chronic stress or vulnerability to major depressive disorder. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 9

  1. Europos psichinės sveikatos apsaugos deklaracija. PSO Eu- ropos ministrų konferencija, Helsinkis, Suomija, 2005 m. sausio 12-15 d. (Mental Health Declaration for Europe. WHO European Ministerial Conference on Mental Health, Helsinki, Finland, 12-15 January, 2005.) Psichiatrijos ži- nios 2005;2(33):10-3.
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  4. Cohen S, Gottlieb BH, Underwood LG. Social relationships žiaus, žemesnio išsilavinimo, turėjo mažą socialinį tinklą, jautėsi patiriančios stresą ir neturinčios socialinės paramos savo aplinkoje, turėjo savižudiškų polinkių. Išvados. Depresiškumo paplitimas tarp Lietuvos rajonų suaugusių gyventojų yra didelis. Jis būdingesnis moterims nei vyrams. Vyresnis amžius, žemesnis išsilavinimas, suvokiamos socialinės paramos neturėjimas, didelis stresas ir savižudiški polinkiai yra susiję su didesniu depresiškumu. Moterų depresiškumo galimybę dar didina mažas socialinis tinklas, o vyrų -skyrybos. and health: challenges for measurement and intervention. Adv Mind Body Med 2001;17(2):129-41.
  5. Cohen S, Pressman S. The stress-buffering hypothesis. En- cyclopedia of Health and Behavior. Thousand Oakes, Ca: Sage Publications; 2004 p. 780-2.
  6. Stanislavovienė J, Pajarskienė B, Jankauskas R, Miliajavienė J. Vilniaus miesto dirbančiųjų depresinių būsenų paplitimas. (The prevalence of the depressive state among working Vil- nius residents.) Medicinos teorija ir praktika 2006;2(46):80-6.
  7. Valadkevičienė D, Jatužis D, Rimdeika GJ, Gaudėšienė J. Ligonių, patyrusių stresą, psichoemocinė būklė ir miego sutrikimai. (Psychoemotional condition and sleep distur- bances in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder.) Neu- rologijos seminarai 2004;2(20):50-4.
  8. Germanavičius A, Dembinskas A. Moterų depresinių sutri- kimų gydymo prognostiniai faktoriai. (Prognostic factors in the treatment of depressive disorders among women.) Neu- rologijos seminarai 2001;1-2(11-12):118-26.
  9. Šidlauskaitė-Stripeikienė I, Žemaitienė N, Klumbienė J. Lietuvos rajonų suaugusiųjų gyventojų patiriamo streso ir socialinės paramos sąsajos. (Stress and social support re- lations in adults from districts of Lithuania.) Visuomenės sveikata 2008;4(43):31-6.

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Authors
Šidlauskaitė-Stripeikienė, I., Žemaitienė, N., & Klumbienė, J.
Affiliations
Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LT)
Corresponding author
Šidlauskaitė-Stripeikienė, Ieva
Venue
Medicina
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2010-10-10
Volume
46
Issue
10
Pages
693
ISSN
  • 1010-660X (ISSN-L)
  • 1648-9144
DOI
10.3390/medicina46100098
OpenAlex
W2411301681
Cited by
11
References
19
Citations by year
2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
FWCI
0.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Medicina (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Health and Well-being Studies
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords
depressiveness, depression prevalence, psychosocial factors, stress, social support, suicidal intent, rural population, Lithuanian adults, sex differences, social network size, marital status, educational attainment, age
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Lithuania, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Prevalence, Marital Status, Suicidal Ideation

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