Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 4

The DOI matches its Crossref record; the references it cites are not checked yet.

Investigation on Interface of CuW/Al Composite Using Ni Interlayer by Vacuum Hot-Pressing Diffusion Bonding

Wang, Chan, Chen, Jian, Shao, Wenting, Liang, Shuhua·2023·Metals
DOI 10.3390/met13061029
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this study, the bonding of a CuW/Al composite with a Ni interlayer was designed and established by vacuum hot-pressing diffusion bonding. The interfacial microstructure was systematically discussed based on experimental characterization and first-principles calculations. The result indicated that the interface consisted of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Al3Ni2 and a few of Al3Ni. The interfacial microstructure significantly differed from the interface without the Ni interlayer. The growth kinetics of the Al3Ni2 layer followed a parabolic behavior, which was mainly affected by the volume diffusion mechanism. The interfacial thickness decreased significantly, and the average thickness was ~35 μm. The microstructural evolution revealed that Al3Ni2 was the phase that was formed first. By introducing a Ni interlayer, the interfacial strength was significantly enhanced due to the IMCs that were changed from Al–Cu and Al–W IMCs to Al–Ni IMCs. The maximum shear strength reached 90.9 MPa, which was increased by 76% compared to that of the sample without the Ni interlayer. An analysis of the fracture morphology analysis showed that the crack was prone to exist at the Al3Ni2/Ni interface and presented a cleavage fracture characteristic.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/met13061029

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

Cited by 4

Research works printed but not linked: 60

  1. Wang, 2022, Microstructure and age hardening behavior of Al/Fe bimetal prepared by one-step compound casing, J. Alloys Compd., 905, 164170, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164170 · DOI
  2. Liu, 2023, Micro-/nano-scale interface structure and mechanical characteristics of the Al/Ti composite bar produced by a novel continuously-extruded technique, Mater. Des., 228, 111818, 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.111818 · DOI
  3. Yu, 2023, Improved microstructure and shear strength of the Al/steel bimetal prepared by compound casting under magnetic field, J. Alloys Compd., 932, 167343, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167343 · DOI
  4. Hamidi, 2021, The effect of microstructural aspects of W-Cu composites on electrical conductivity and thermal erosion, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 101, 105685, 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2021.105685 · DOI
  5. Shan, 2021, Improving the mechanical performance of Cu-Cr alloy by dissolving Cu in the Cr second phase, Mater. Charact., 176, 111104, 10.1016/j.matchar.2021.111104 · DOI
  6. Xiao, 2017, Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of CuW/CuCr interface with mixed powder interlayers by liquid diffusion bonding technique, Vacuum, 137, 148, 10.1016/j.vacuum.2016.12.045 · DOI
  7. Perrin, 2022, Phase stability in cast and additively manufactured Al-rich Al-Cu-Ce alloys, J. Alloys Compd., 926, 166984, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.166984 · DOI
  8. Zhou, 2023, Impact toughness and fractography of diverse microstructure in Al-Cu alloy fabricated by arc-directed energy deposition, Addit. Manuf., 63, 103414
  9. Zhou, 2023, Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of Cu/Al laminated metal composites fabricated by electropulsing assisted ultrasonic additive manufacturing, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 313, 117884, 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2023.117884 · DOI
  10. Zhang, Y.L., Zhao, T.X., Yu, X.Q., and Huang, J.K. (2023). The Al-Fe intermetallic compounds and the atomic diffusion behavior at the interface of aluminum-steel welded joint. Metals, 13. · DOI
  11. Kurabayashi, K., Tokita, S., and Sato, Y.S. (2022). Effect of Ni addition on the interfacial strength of Al/Cu dissimilar welds produced by friction stir lap welding. Metals, 12. · DOI
  12. Kumar, 2021, Eliminating intermetallic compounds via Ni interlayer during friction stir welding of dissimilar Mg/Al alloys, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 15, 4353, 10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.10.065 · DOI
  13. Chen, L., Fu, Y., Yin, F.X., Liu, N., and Liang, C.Y. (2018). Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/Al clad bars with Ni interlayer processed by compound casting and multi-pass caliber rolling. Metals, 8. · DOI
  14. Ghahkerijani, 2022, Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of Ti-6Al-4V/AISI 304 stainless steel using Cu/CNT composite interlayer, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 20, 4052, 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.08.151 · DOI
  15. Niu, 2022, Surface modification of pure aluminum via Ar ion bombardment for Al/Al solid-state diffusion bonding, Mater. Charact., 187, 111886, 10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111886 · DOI
  16. Sun, Y.M., Gong, W.B., Feng, J.C., Lu, G.P., Zhu, R., and Li, Y.P. (2022). A review of the friction stir welding of dissimilar materials between aluminum alloys and copper. Metals, 12. · DOI
  17. Zhu, 2019, Interfacial characteristics and mechanical properties of TiAl/Ti6Al4V laminate composite (LMC) fabricated by vacuum hot pressing, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 742, 704, 10.1016/j.msea.2018.07.086 · DOI
  18. Zhang, 2023, Effect of carburized time on microstructure and properties of W-Cu composites fabricated by vacuum pulse carburization, J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 112, 106168, 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106168 · DOI
  19. Li, 2022, Insight into the bonding mechanism in Cu/Al/Cu clad sheets via introduction of thin SUS304 interlayer, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 21, 4619, 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.11.076 · DOI
  20. Ramakrishnan, 2020, Microstructural control of an Al-W aluminum matrix composite during direct laser metal deposition, J. Alloys Compd., 813, 152208, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152208 · DOI
  21. Hu, 2022, Spatial phase structure and oxidation process of Al-W alloy powder with high sphericity, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 114, 62, 10.1016/j.jmst.2021.10.004 · DOI
  22. Wang, 2023, Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of CuW/Al interface fabricated by infiltration and vacuum hot-pressing diffusion bonding, Vacuum, 210, 111882, 10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.111882 · DOI
  23. Habisch, S., Bohme, M., Peter, S., Grund, T., and Mayr, P. (2018). The effect of interlayer materials on the joint properties of diffusion-bonded aluminium and magnesium. Metals, 8. · DOI
  24. Lang, 2019, Microstructure evolution of Mg/Cu dissimilar metal jointed by ultrasonic-induced transient liquid phase bonding with Zn interlayer, Mater. Charact., 157, 109897, 10.1016/j.matchar.2019.109897 · DOI
  25. Liu, J., Guo, R.X., Gong, P., Yue, Y.M., Yu, Z.X., and Zhang, Y.W. (2022). Interface characteristics and mechanical properties of 2024 aluminum alloy and 304 stainless steel dissimilar alloys FSLW joint with Ni interlayer. Metals, 12. · DOI
  26. Lv, 2022, Laser welding of AZ31Mg alloy with 6061Al alloy via Ti interlayer based on two kinds of bonding mechanisms, J. Manuf. Process., 83, 678, 10.1016/j.jmapro.2022.09.034 · DOI
  27. Zhou, X.W., Chen, Y.H., Li, S.H., Huang, Y.D., Hao, K., and Peng, P. (2018). Friction stir spot welding-brazing of Al and hot-dip aluminized Ti alloy with Zn interlayer. Metals, 8. · DOI
  28. Sui, 2023, Microstructure and strength of diffusion bonding W alloy/304 stainless steel joint using a Cu interlayer, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 113, 106188, 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2023.106188 · DOI
  29. Xiong, 2018, Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Cu joints diffusion bonded with Ni or Ag interlayer, Vacuum, 147, 187, 10.1016/j.vacuum.2017.10.033 · DOI · Paper page
  30. Yang, 2020, Influence of Ni interlayer width on interfacial reactions and mechanical properties in laser welding/brazing of Al/Mg lap joint, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 25, 37, 10.1080/13621718.2019.1607487 · DOI
  31. Wen, 2021, Influence of Ni interlayer on interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/AZ91D bimetals fabricated by a solid-liquid compound casting process, J. Magnes. Alloy., 9, 1382, 10.1016/j.jma.2020.05.021 · DOI
  32. Li, B., Duan, Y.H., Peng, M.J., Shen, L., and Qi, H.R. (2022). Anisotropic elastic and thermal properties of M2InX (M = Ti, Zr and X = C, N) phases: A first-principles calculation. Metals, 12. · DOI
  33. Yuan, 2023, MAX phase forming mechanism of M-Al-C (M = Ti, V, Cr) coatings: In-situ X-ray diffraction and first-principle calculations, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 143, 140, 10.1016/j.jmst.2022.09.045 · DOI
  34. Perdew, 1996, Generalized gradient approximation for the exchange- correlation hole of a many-electron system, Phys. Rev. B, 54, 16533, 10.1103/PhysRevB.54.16533 · DOI
  35. Yang, 2018, First-principles calculations on interface structure and fracture characteristic of TiC/TiZrC nano-multilayer film based on virtual crystal approximation, J. Alloys Compod., 755, 211, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.05.009 · DOI
  36. Wu, 2021, First principle calculations and low cost SLM processing of Ti-TiB composite materials, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 803, 140711, 10.1016/j.msea.2020.140711 · DOI
  37. Wang, 2022, First-principles calculations to investigate pressure effect on structural, elastic and thermodynamic properties of AlCu, Al2Cu and Al4Cu9, Vacuum, 203, 111279, 10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111279 · DOI
  38. Lin, 2021, Density functional study of structural, electronic and optical properties of bromine-doped CsPbI3 with the tetragonal symmetry, J. Alloys Compd., 892, 162165, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162165 · DOI
  39. Jiang, 2018, Effect of heat treatment on bonding strength of aluminum/steel bimetal produced by a compound casting, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 258, 239, 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.04.006 · DOI
  40. Gao, 2022, Interfacial bonding mechanism and mechanical properties of adding CuZn alloy fibre for Cu/Al composite, Mater. Charact., 188, 111883, 10.1016/j.matchar.2022.111883 · DOI
  41. Huang, 1998, A thermodynamic analysis of the Ni-Al system, Intermetallics, 6, 487, 10.1016/S0966-9795(97)00099-X · DOI
  42. Konieczny, 2012, Microstructural characterization and mechanical response of laminated Ni-intermetallic composites synthesized using Ni sheets and Al foils, Mater. Charact., 70, 117, 10.1016/j.matchar.2012.05.007 · DOI
  43. Sun, 2022, Study of the interfacial reactions controlling the spreading of Al on Ni, Appl. Surf. Sci., 571, 151272, 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151272 · DOI
  44. Bouche, 1998, Intermetallic compound layer growth between solid iron and molten aluminium, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 249, 167, 10.1016/S0921-5093(98)00573-5 · DOI
  45. Assari, 2019, Solid state diffusion bonding characteristics at the interfaces of Ti and Al layers, J. Alloys Compd., 773, 50, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.09.253 · DOI
  46. Li, 2020, A diffusion model and growth kinetics of intermetallic compounds in Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu and Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.5CeO2 solder joints, J. Alloys Compd., 818, 152893, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152893 · DOI
  47. Wang, 2017, Microstructure evolution in pure Ni and Invar-based Metallic-Intermetallic Laminate (MIL) composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 682, 454, 10.1016/j.msea.2016.11.033 · DOI
  48. Sommadossi, 2002, Kinetic behavior of diffusion-soldered Ni/Al/Ni interconnections, Mater. Chem. Phys., 78, 459
  49. Wen, 2017, First-principles study of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds under various temperature and pressure, Superlattices Microstruct., 103, 9, 10.1016/j.spmi.2017.01.010 · DOI
  50. Vaidya, 2010, Improving interfacial properties of a laser beam welded dissimilar joint of aluminium AA6056 and titanium Ti6Al4V for aeronautical applications, J. Mater. Sci., 45, 6242, 10.1007/s10853-010-4719-6 · DOI
  51. Zheng, 2019, First-principles studies of Mg17Al12, Mg2Al3, Mg2Sn, Mg2Ni and Al3Ni phases, Phys. B, 560, 255, 10.1016/j.physb.2018.11.067 · DOI
  52. Gao, C.L., Gao, K.Y., Ding, Y.S., Li, H.N., Wu, X.L., Wen, S.P., Gao, M., Huang, H., Nie, Z.R., and Zhou, D.J. (2021). The phase stability of Al3Er studied by the first-principles calculations and experimental analysis. Metals, 11. · DOI
  53. Ding, 2017, In situ observation on the formation of intermetallics compounds at the interface of liquid Al/solid Ni, Scr. Mater., 130, 214, 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.010 · DOI
  54. Gu, 2016, First-principles study of the influence of doping elements on phase stability, crystal and electronic structure of Al2Cu (θ) phase, Comp. Mater. Sci., 111, 328, 10.1016/j.commatsci.2015.09.049 · DOI
  55. Liang, 2023, Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of Ti-Ni-Al ternary Metallic-Intermetallic Laminate (MIL) composites, J. Alloys Compd., 935, 167853, 10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.167853 · DOI
  56. Wang, 2015, Microstructure evolution in Fe-based-aluminide metallic intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 649, 325, 10.1016/j.msea.2015.10.019 · DOI
  57. Wang, 2019, Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of intermetallics at the CuW/Al interface with a Ni interlayer, Adv. Eng. Mater., 21, 1801273, 10.1002/adem.201801273 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Nakamura, 1997, Durability of Al-Cu hot pressure welding joints, Wire J., 10, 71
  59. Chen, 2022, Molecular dynamics study of deformation mechanism of interfacial microzone of Cu/Al2Cu/Al composites under tension, Nanotechnol. Rev., 11, 1158, 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0072 · DOI
  60. Price, 2011, Effect of ductile phase volume fraction on the mechanical properties of Ti-Al3Ti metal-intermetallic laminate (MIL) composites, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 528, 3134, 10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.087 · DOI

Metadata

Authors
Wang, C., Chen, J., Shao, W., & Liang, S.
Venue
Metals
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-05-27
Volume
13
Issue
6
Pages
1029
ISSN
2075-4701
DOI
10.3390/met13061029
Cited by
4
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (52071251, 52127802, 52101094, 2020JC-49, 21JP053, 20JK0684)
  • Shaanxi Outstanding Youth Fund (52071251, 52127802, 52101094, 2020JC-49, 21JP053, 20JK0684)
  • Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (52071251, 52127802, 52101094, 2020JC-49, 21JP053, 20JK0684)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Investigation on Interface of CuW/Al Composite Using Ni Interlayer by Vacuum Hot-Pressing Diffusion Bonding. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/met13061029
The paper
Wang, C., Chen, J., Shao, W., & Liang, S. (2023). Investigation on Interface of CuW/Al Composite Using Ni Interlayer by Vacuum Hot-Pressing Diffusion Bonding. Metals. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061029