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Rhizosphere Microbial Communities and Heavy Metals
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The rhizosphere is a microhabitat where there is an intense chemical dialogue between plants and microorganisms. The two coexist and develop synergistic actions, which can promote plants’ functions and productivity, but also their capacity to respond to stress conditions, including heavy metal (HM) contamination. If HMs are present in soils used for agriculture, there is a risk of metal uptake by edible plants with subsequent bioaccumulation in humans and animals and detrimental consequences for their health. Plant productivity can also be negatively affected. Many bacteria have defensive mechanisms for resisting heavy metals and, through various complex processes, can improve plant response to HM stress. Bacteria-plant synergic interactions in the rhizosphere, as a homeostatic ecosystem response to HM disturbance, are common in soil. However, this is hard to achieve in agroecosystems managed with traditional practices, because concentrating on maximizing crop yield does not make it possible to establish rhizosphere interactions. Improving knowledge of the complex interactions mediated by plant exudates and secondary metabolites can lead to nature-based solutions for plant health in HM contaminated soils. This paper reports the main ecotoxicological effects of HMs and the various compounds (including several secondary metabolites) produced by plant-microorganism holobionts for removing, immobilizing and containing toxic elements.
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“On the other hand, their ability to concentrate HMs may affect neighboring plant growth, either by reducing competition (since few plants thrive in metal-rich soils) or by altering microbial communities in the rhizosphere (Barra Caracciolo and Terenzi, 2021; Solomon et al., 2024).”
From Plant hyperaccumulators: a state-of-the-art review on mechanism of heavy metal transport and sequestration (2025) · cites this paper as Barra Caracciolo and Terenzi, 2021
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Analysis of Heavy Metal Impacts on Cereal Crop Growth and Development in Contaminated Soils
Vasilachi, I. C., Stoleru, V., & Gavrilescu, M. (2023) · Agriculture · doi:10.3390/agriculture13101983 · Cited by 210
Bhat, B. A., Rather, M. A., Bilal, T., Nazir, R., Qadir, R. U., & Mir, R. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2025.1631378 · Cited by 68
“On the other hand, their ability to concentrate HMs may affect neighboring plant growth, either by reducing competition (since few plants thrive in metal-rich soils) or by altering microbial communities in the rhizosphere (Barra Caracciolo and Terenzi, 2021; Solomon et al., 2024).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Barra Caracciolo, A., & Terenzi, V.
- Affiliations
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council, 00010 Rome, Italy
- Water Research Institute (IT)
- Venue
- Microorganisms
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-07-08
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1462
- ISSN
- 2076-2607 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8307176
- OpenAlex
- W3182426461
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 3.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Microorganisms (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
- Keywords
- rhizosphere, heavy metals, plant-microbe interactions, rhizosphere bacteria, heavy metal stress, plant exudates, secondary metabolites, metal bioaccumulation, metal immobilization, metal resistance mechanisms, nature-based solutions, agroecosystems, ecotoxicology
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