Phytochemical profiling of flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, and volatile fraction of a rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract
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This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the phytochemical profile of a proprietary rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract rich in carnosic acid. A characterization of the (poly)phenolic and volatile fractions of the extract was carried out using mass spectrometric techniques. The (poly)phenolic composition was assessed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MSn) and a total of 57 compounds were tentatively identified and quantified, 14 of these being detected in rosemary extract for the first time. The rosemary extract contained 24 flavonoids (mainly flavones, although flavonols and flavanones were also detected), 5 phenolic acids, 24 diterpenoids (carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol derivatives), 1 triterpenoid (betulinic acid), and 3 lignans (medioresinol derivatives). Carnosic acid was the predominant phenolic compound. The volatile profile of the rosemary extract was evaluated by head space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) linked to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixty-three volatile molecules (mainly terpenes, alcohols, esters, aldehydes, and ketones) were identified. This characterization extends the current knowledge on the phytochemistry of Rosmarinus officinalis and is, to our knowledge, the broadest profiling of its secondary metabolites to date. It can assist in the authentication of rosemary extracts or rosemary-containing products or in testing its bioactivity. Moreover, this methodological approach could be applied to the study of other plant-based food ingredients.
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For R. officinalis, the phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol are considered important chemotaxonomic markers.
“and, for R. officinalis, the phenolic diterpenes carnosic acid and carnosol are also considered important (Mena et al., 2016;Troncoso et al., 2005;Yeddes et al., 2019;Yilmaz et al., 2018;Zhang et al., 2012).”
From Multi-target neuroprotective effects of herbal medicines for Alzheimer's disease (2022) · cites this paper as Mena et al., 2016
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- Authors
- Mena, P., Cirlini, M., Tassotti, M., Herrlinger, K., Dall’Asta, C., & Del Rio, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Kemin Foods, L.C., 2100 Maury Street, Des Moines, IA 50317, USA
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2016-11-19
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1576
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6273513
- OpenAlex
- W2556661692
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11
- FWCI
- 12.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Keywords
- Rosmarinus officinalis, phytochemical profiling, carnosic acid, flavonoids, phenolic acids, diterpenoids, carnosol, rosmanol, betulinic acid, lignans, volatile compounds, terpenes, secondary metabolites, plant-based food ingredients
- MeSH terms
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Flavonoids, Plant Extracts, Mass Spectrometry, Terpenes, Molecular Structure, Rosmarinus, Volatile Organic Compounds, Hydroxybenzoates, Phytochemicals
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