Balancing the Oral Redox State: Endogenous and Exogenous Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Antioxidant Role of Lamiaceae and Asteraceae

Dumitru, Caterina Nela; Mariana, Lupoae; Budacu, Cristian Constantin; Mitea, Gabriela; Radu, Marius Daniel; Dumitru, Alina Oana; Lupoae, Andreea; Tatu, Alin; Topor, Gabi

doi:10.3390/dj13050222

Cited by 17Oral microbiology and periodontitis researchMedicinal Plant ResearchPhytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities

Balancing the Oral Redox State: Endogenous and Exogenous Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Antioxidant Role of Lamiaceae and Asteraceae

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Dumitru, Caterina Nela, Mariana, Lupoae, Budacu, Cristian Constantin, Mitea, Gabriela, Radu, Marius Daniel, Dumitru, Alina Oana, Lupoae, Andreea, Tatu, Alin +1 more·2025·Dentistry Journal

DOI 10.3390/dj13050222PMC PMC12110304

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Abstract

Background/Objectives: Oral health is a complex concept involving physical, psychological, emotional, and social components. A key factor in maintaining oral tissue integrity is redox balance, which is disrupted by oxidative stress (OS) through an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses. This study examines the contribution of endogenous and exogenous sources to OS and explores the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants from the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families in restoring redox homeostasis and improving oral health. Methods: A literature review was conducted, analyzing the role of OS in oral diseases and the antioxidant mechanisms of selected Asteraceae species. Special attention was given to their phytochemical contents—polyphenols, flavonoids, and essential oils—and their biological relevance to oral health. Results: OS plays a critical role in the onset and progression of oral conditions such as caries, periodontitis, gingivitis, aphthous ulcers, abscesses, precancerous lesions, and oral cancers. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) cause inflammation, tissue breakdown, and salivary gland dysfunction. Asteraceae plants like Matricaria chamomilla, Calendula officinalis, Cichorium intybus, Taraxacum officinale, Arctium lappa, Achillea millefolium, and Solidago virgaurea demonstrate notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that help counteract OS and support oral homeostasis. Conclusions: Asteraceae and Lamiaceae species show high therapeutic potential in addressing OS-related oral disorders. Their bioactive compounds aid in restoring redox balance and protecting oral tissues. These findings support the integration of phytotherapeutic agents into oral healthcare and call for further clinical validation of plant-based strategies for disease prevention and management.

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Berberine reaches high local concentrations in the mouth before absorption and, being broadly antibacterial, can act on the oral microbial community.
“Berberine reaches high local concentrations there before absorption and, being broadly antibacterial, can act on that community [107].”
From Berberine-Drug Interactions: Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance and Risk Stratification-A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [107]
Section 7.1.7 reports that berberine has antibacterial activity against two oral bacteria involved in periodontal disease, supporting its potential to act on members of the oral microbial community. It does not say berberine reaches high concentrations in the mouth before absorption or establish broad antibacterial activity across that community. No page number is provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The oral compartment, where berberine reaches its highest concentrations of all, is unexamined and belongs in the same research program.
“The oral compartment, where berberine reaches its highest concentrations of all, is unexamined and belongs in the same program [103,104,105,106,107,108].”
From Berberine-Drug Interactions: Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance and Risk Stratification-A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [107]
Section 9 (Future Research Directions; page unavailable) calls for further study of plant-derived compounds in oral health, supporting the general proposal to include the oral compartment in further research. But Section 7.1.7 already discusses berberine’s activity against oral bacteria, so the paper does not establish that this area is unexamined. It also gives no comparison showing that berberine reaches its highest concentrations in the mouth. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
No study has yet measured the disposition of a co-administered drug before and after berberine while characterizing the microbiota in the same subjects, which is what would move Axis 4 from candidate to demonstrated.
“No study has yet measured the disposition of a co-administered drug before and after berberine while characterizing the microbiota in the same subjects, which is what would move Axis 4 from candidate to demonstrated.”
From Berberine-Drug Interactions: Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance and Risk Stratification-A Narrative Review (2026) · cites this paper as [107]
Section 7.1.7 discusses berberine’s antibacterial activity in the oral cavity, while Section 9 proposes research on medicinal plants and the oral microbiota. Neither addresses studies measuring a co-administered drug’s disposition before and after berberine while characterizing microbiota in the same subjects; searches for that study design and for berberine drug interactions found no relevant passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Research works printed but not linked: 5

[31]Waszkiewicz N. Szulc A. Zalewska A. Does Oxidative Stress Induced by Alcohol Consumption Affect Salivary Glands and the Composition of Saliva? Front. Physiol. 2017 8 22 28179886 PMC5263147
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The Oral–Gut–Brain Axis: From Periodontal Dysbiosis to Neuroinflammation—Mechanistic Pathways, Salivary and Intestinal Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets: A Narrative Review
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“…critical role in modulating the severity of periodontal tissue destruction and its systemic consequences; both endogenous and exogenous sources of ROS contribute to this redox imbalance, and plant-derived antioxidants have been proposed as adjunctive modulators of the oral inflammatory milieu [50].”
Self-citation
Berberine-Drug Interactions: Mechanisms, Clinical Relevance and Risk Stratification-A Narrative Review
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Self-citation

DETERMINING QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AT THE UNIVERSITIES TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION
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Влияние техногенного загрязнения на содержание тяжелых металлов в Achillea millefolium L. горной провинции Дагестана
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Authors: Dumitru, C. N., Mariana, L., Budacu, C. C., Mitea, G., Radu, M. D., Dumitru, A. O., Lupoae, A., Tatu, A., & Topor, G.
Affiliations: "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati (RO)
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunărea de Jos” University, 800010 Galati, Romania
Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy (RO)
Ovidius University (RO)
Emergency Clinical Hospital “St. Apostle Andrew”, 800010 Galati, Romania
Corresponding author: Budacu, Cristian Constantin
ORCID: Dumitru, Caterina Nela
Mariana, Lupoae
Budacu, Cristian Constantin
Mitea, Gabriela
Radu, Marius Daniel
Dumitru, Alina Oana
Tatu, Alin
Topor, Gabi
Venue: Dentistry Journal
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2025-05-21
Volume: 13
Issue: 5
Pages: 222
ISSN: 2304-6767 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/dj13050222
PMC: PMC12110304
OpenAlex: W4410564845
Cited by: 17
References: 385
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 2
FWCI: 2.89
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Dentistry Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Keywords: oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, antioxidant activity, medicinal plants, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, oral health, periodontitis, dental caries, gingivitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, oral cancer, polyphenols, flavonoids, essential oils, herbal medicine, chamomile, Calendula officinalis, chicory, Taraxacum officinale, Arctium lappa, yarrow, Solidago virgaurea, anti-inflammatory activity, antimicrobial activity

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Balancing the Oral Redox State: Endogenous and Exogenous Sources of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Antioxidant Role of Lamiaceae and Asteraceae

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