CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 226

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cancer Targeting and Drug Delivery Using Carbon-Based Quantum Dots and Nanotubes

Pardo, Joel, Peng, Zhili, Leblanc, Roger·2018·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules23020378PMC PMC6017112
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Currently cancer treatment is in large part non-specific with respect to treatment. Medication is often harsh on patients, whereby they suffer several undesired side effects as a result. Carbon-based nanoparticles have attracted attention in recent years due to their ability to act as a platform for the attachment of several drugs and/or ligands. Relatively simple models are often used in cancer research, wherein carbon nanoparticles are conjugated to a ligand that is specific to an overexpressed receptor for imaging and drug delivery in cancer treatment. These carbon nanoparticles confer unique properties to the imaging or delivery vehicle due to their nontoxic nature and their high fluorescence qualities. Chief among the ongoing research within carbon-based nanoparticles emerge carbon dots (C-dots) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). In this review, the aforementioned carbon nanoparticles will be discussed in their use within doxorubicin and gemcitabine based drug delivery vehicles, as well as the ligand-mediated receptor specific targeted therapy. Further directions of research in current field are also discussed.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/molecules23020378

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Confocal microscopy demonstrates Dox is released from C-dots-Dox conjugate at 6 h post treatment inside the cell, wherein, the conjugate regains the fluorescent capacity; the scale bar is 20 μm (reproduced with permission from [14]).
Figure 1 Confocal microscopy demonstrates Dox is released from C-dots-Dox conjugate at 6 h post treatment inside the cell, wherein, the conjugate regains the fluorescent capacity; the scale bar is 20 μm (reproduced with permission from [14]).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Conjugation of C-dots and Dox using EDC/NHS alongside transferrin attachment for drug delivery (reproduced with permission from [41]).
Figure 2 Conjugation of C-dots and Dox using EDC/NHS alongside transferrin attachment for drug delivery (reproduced with permission from [41]).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 (a) Effectiveness of the CNTs-Dox conjugates within folic acid covered chitosan demonstrates the increased potency of nanocarrier systems as compared to free dox alone within HeLa cells. (b) Free Dox causes limited cell death as compared to (c) where cells noticeably begin to lose their structure and apoptosis (reproduced with permission from [34]).
Figure 3 (a) Effectiveness of the CNTs-Dox conjugates within folic acid covered chitosan demonstrates the increased potency of nanocarrier systems as compared to free dox alone within HeLa cells. (b) Free Dox causes limited cell death as compared to (c) where cells noticeably begin to lose their structure and apoptosis (reproduced with permission from [34]).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Cell viability in SW1990 cells (A) and BcPC-3 cells (B), when treated with magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNTs)-Gem conjugates and magnetically activated carbon particle (mAC)-Gem conjugates show similar results as free Gem alone at concentrations of 1 ug/mL and 2.5 ug/mL respectively (reproduced with permission from [52]).
Figure 4 Cell viability in SW1990 cells (A) and BcPC-3 cells (B), when treated with magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNTs)-Gem conjugates and magnetically activated carbon particle (mAC)-Gem conjugates show similar results as free Gem alone at concentrations of 1 ug/mL and 2.5 ug/mL respectively (reproduced with permission from [52]).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Diferric transferrin binds to transferrin receptor 1 at the cell surface, and the complex is endocytosed using clathrin-coated pits. Iron is released from transferrin and transported out of the endosome through divalent metal transporter 1 into the cytosol. Apotransferrin and transferrin receptor 1 return to the cell surface where they dissociate at neutral pH and are available for another iron cycle (reproduced with permission from [86]).
Figure 5 Diferric transferrin binds to transferrin receptor 1 at the cell surface, and the complex is endocytosed using clathrin-coated pits. Iron is released from transferrin and transported out of the endosome through divalent metal transporter 1 into the cytosol. Apotransferrin and transferrin receptor 1 return to the cell surface where they dissociate at neutral pH and are available for another iron cycle (reproduced with permission from [86]).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Folate receptor mediates binding of folic acid and endocytosis. The folate based conjugate, uses a polymeric carrier, such as C-dots, and a drug that is released following endocytosis (reproduced with permission from [96]).
Figure 6 Folate receptor mediates binding of folic acid and endocytosis. The folate based conjugate, uses a polymeric carrier, such as C-dots, and a drug that is released following endocytosis (reproduced with permission from [96]).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 CD44 receptor binds hyaluronan (HA) causing a signaling cascade outlines above and eventual endocytosis (adapted with permission from [104]).
Figure 7 CD44 receptor binds hyaluronan (HA) causing a signaling cascade outlines above and eventual endocytosis (adapted with permission from [104]).CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 110

  1. Xu, 2004, Electrophoretic analysis and purification of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube fragments, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 12736, 10.1021/ja040082h · DOI
  2. Peng, 2017, Carbon dots: Biomacromolecule interaction, bioimaging and nanomedicine, Coord. Chem. Rev., 343, 256, 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.06.001 · DOI
  3. Margraf, 2015, The electronic structure of amorphous carbon nanodots, J. Phys. Chem. B, 119, 7258, 10.1021/jp510620j · DOI
  4. Gao, 2016, Carbon quantum dot-based nanoprobes for metal ion detection, J. Mater. Chem. C, 4, 6927, 10.1039/C6TC02055K · DOI
  5. Zhou, Y.Q., Sharma, S.K., Peng, Z.L., and Leblanc, R.M. (2017). Polymers in carbon dots: A review. Polymers, 9. · DOI
  6. Li, 2016, “Dark” carbon dots specifically “light-up” calcified zebrafish bones, J. Mater. Chem. B, 4, 7398, 10.1039/C6TB02241C · DOI
  7. Peng, 2017, Carbon dots: Promising biomaterials for bone-specific imaging and drug delivery, Nanoscale, 9, 17533, 10.1039/C7NR05731H · DOI
  8. Li, 2015, Method to determine protein concentration in the protein nanoparticle conjugates aqueous solution using circular dichroism spectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 87, 6455, 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01451 · DOI
  9. Peng, 2016, Determination of the composition, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity in protein drug delivery systems using circular dichroism spectroscopy, Anal. Chim. Acta, 937, 113, 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.014 · DOI
  10. Jelinek, R. (2017). Carbon Quantum Dots, Springer International Publishing. · DOI
  11. Han, 2016, Interactions between carbon nanomaterials and biomolecules, J. Oleo Sci., 65, 1, 10.5650/jos.ess15248 · DOI
  12. Li, 2015, Nontoxic carbon dots potently inhibit human insulin fibrillation, Chem. Mater., 27, 1764, 10.1021/cm504572b · DOI
  13. Wang, 2016, Highly fluorescent carbon dots for visible sensing of doxorubicin release based on efficient nanosurface energy transfer, Biotechnol. Lett., 38, 191, 10.1007/s10529-015-1965-3 · DOI
  14. Wang, 2014, Carbon quantum dots: Synthesis, properties and applications, J. Mater. Chem. C, 2, 6921, 10.1039/C4TC00988F · DOI
  15. Lim, 2015, Carbon quantum dots and their applications, Chem. Soc. Rev., 44, 362, 10.1039/C4CS00269E · DOI
  16. Liu, 2017, Red emission B, N, S-co-doped carbon dots for colorimetric and fluorescent dual mode detection of Fe3+ ions in complex biological fluids and living cells, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9, 12663, 10.1021/acsami.6b15746 · DOI
  17. Zhang, 2017, A novel mechanism for red emission carbon dots: Hydrogen bond dominated molecular states emission, Nanoscale, 9, 13042, 10.1039/C7NR03570E · DOI
  18. Yan, 2013, Particle carriers for combating multidrug-resistant cancer, ACS Nano, 7, 9512, 10.1021/nn405632s · DOI
  19. Safdie, 2009, Fasting and cancer treatment in humans: A case series report, Aging-US, 1, 988, 10.18632/aging.100114 · DOI
  20. Kano, 2007, Improvement of cancer-targeting therapy, using nanocarriers for intractable solid tumors by inhibition of TGF-beta signaling, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 104, 3460, 10.1073/pnas.0611660104 · DOI
  21. Li, 2014, Carbon dots prepared from ginger exhibiting efficient inhibition of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2, 4564, 10.1039/c4tb00216d · DOI
  22. Hsu, 2013, Extremely high inhibition activity of photoluminescent carbon nanodots toward cancer cells, J. Mater. Chem. B, 1, 1774, 10.1039/c3tb00545c · DOI
  23. Yu, 2010, Receptor-targeted nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery to cancer, Mol. Membr. Biol., 27, 286, 10.3109/09687688.2010.521200 · DOI
  24. Zhang, 2013, Combating P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance using therapeutic nanoparticles, Curr. Pharm. Des., 19, 6655, 10.2174/1381612811319370009 · DOI
  25. Li, 2016, Crossing the blood-brain barrier with transferrin conjugated carbon dots: A zebrafish model study, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 145, 251, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.05.007 · DOI
  26. Wicki, 2015, Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: Challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications, J. Control. Release, 200, 138, 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.12.030 · DOI
  27. Trang, 2011, Systemic delivery of tumor suppressor microRNA mimics using a neutral lipid emulsion inhibits lung tumors in mice, Mol. Ther., 19, 1116, 10.1038/mt.2011.48 · DOI
  28. Iijima, 1991, Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon, Nature, 354, 56, 10.1038/354056a0 · DOI
  29. Yang, 2009, Hydrophilic multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with magnetite nanoparticles as lymphatic targeted drug delivery vehicles, Chem. Commun., 2009, 4447, 10.1039/b908012k · DOI
  30. Niu, 2013, Folate-conjugated peg on single walled carbon nanotubes for targeting delivery of doxorubicin to cancer cells, Macromol. Biosci., 13, 735, 10.1002/mabi.201200475 · DOI
  31. Pistone, 2016, Tunable doxorubicin release from polymer-gated multiwalled carbon nanotubes, Int. J. Pharm., 515, 30, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.010 · DOI
  32. Zhang, 2009, Targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin to cancer cells using modified single wall carbon nanotubes, Biomaterials, 30, 6041, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.07.025 · DOI
  33. Lay, 2010, Delivery of paclitaxel by physically loading onto poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG)-graftcarbon nanotubes for potent cancer therapeutics, Nanotechnology, 21, 065101, 10.1088/0957-4484/21/6/065101 · DOI
  34. Donnenberg, 2005, Multiple drug resistance in cancer revisited: The cancer stem cell hypothesis, J. Clin. Pharmacol., 45, 872, 10.1177/0091270005276905 · DOI
  35. Weinberg, R. (2013). The Biology of Cancer, Garland Science. · DOI
  36. Housman, 2014, Drug resistance in cancer: An overview, Cancers, 6, 1769, 10.3390/cancers6031769 · DOI · Paper page
  37. Ke, 2014, Co-delivery of thioridazine and doxorubicin using polymeric micelles for targeting both cancer cells and cancer stem cells, Biomaterials, 35, 1096, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.049 · DOI
  38. Jia, 2016, PEGylated oxidized alginate-Dox prodrug conjugate nanoparticles cross-linked with fluorescent carbon dots for tumor theranostics, ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng., 2, 1641, 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00443 · DOI
  39. Li, 2016, Transferrin conjugated nontoxic carbon dots for doxorubicin delivery to target pediatric brain tumor cells, Nanoscale, 8, 16662, 10.1039/C6NR05055G · DOI
  40. Singh, 2013, Gemcitabine-loaded smart carbon nanotubes for effective targeting to cancer cells, J. Drug Target., 21, 581, 10.3109/1061186X.2013.778264 · DOI
  41. Singh, 2016, Effects of transferrin conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes in lung cancer delivery, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 67, 313, 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.013 · DOI
  42. Yang, 2016, Doxorubicin conjugated functionalizable carbon dots for nucleus targeted delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy, Nanoscale, 8, 6801, 10.1039/C6NR00247A · DOI
  43. Sun, 2017, Supramolecular hybrids of carbon dots with doxorubicin: Synthesis, stability and cellular trafficking, Mater. Chem. Front., 1, 354, 10.1039/C6QM00042H · DOI
  44. Mewada, 2014, Swarming carbon dots for folic acid mediated delivery of doxorubicin and biological imaging, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2, 698, 10.1039/C3TB21436B · DOI
  45. Song, 2012, Fluorescent carbon nanodots conjugated with folic acid for distinguishing folate-receptor-positive cancer cells from normal cells, J. Mater. Chem., 22, 12568, 10.1039/c2jm31582c · DOI
  46. Zhao, 2017, Folic acid-conjugated carbon dots as green fluorescent probes based on cellular targeting imaging for recognizing cancer cells, RSC Adv., 7, 42159, 10.1039/C7RA07002K · DOI
  47. Wang, 2017, Hyaluronic acid-based carbon dots for efficient gene delivery and cell imaging, RSC Adv., 7, 15613, 10.1039/C7RA01417A · DOI
  48. Huang, 2011, A new family of folate-decorated and carbon nanotube-mediated drug delivery system: Synthesis and drug delivery response, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., 63, 1332, 10.1016/j.addr.2011.04.001 · DOI
  49. Datir, 2012, Hyaluronate tethered, “smart” multiwalled carbon nanotubes for tumor-targeted delivery of doxorubicin, Bioconjugate Chem., 23, 2201, 10.1021/bc300248t · DOI
  50. Yang, 2011, Magnetic functionalised carbon nanotubes as drug vehicles for cancer lymph node metastasis treatment, Eur. J. Cancer, 47, 1873, 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.03.018 · DOI
  51. Yin, 2012, Water-dispersible multiwalled carbon nanotube/iron oxide hybrids as contrast agents for cellular magnetic resonance imaging, Carbon, 50, 2162, 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.01.026 · DOI
  52. Lamprecht, 2012, Mapping the intracellular distribution of carbon nanotubes after targeted delivery to carcinoma cells using confocal Raman imaging as a label-free technique, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 24, 164206, 10.1088/0953-8984/24/16/164206 · DOI
  53. Kam, 2005, Carbon nanotubes as multifunctional biological transporters and near-infrared agents for selective cancer cell destruction, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 102, 11600, 10.1073/pnas.0502680102 · DOI
  54. Yao, 2014, The effect of hyaluronic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes loaded with salinomycin on gastric cancer stem cells, Biomaterials, 35, 9208, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.07.033 · DOI
  55. Pommier, 2010, DNA topoisomerases and their poisoning by anticancer and antibacterial drugs, Chem. Biol., 17, 421, 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.04.012 · DOI
  56. Tacar, 2013, Doxorubicin: An update on anticancer molecular action, toxicity and novel drug delivery systems, J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 65, 157, 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01567.x · DOI
  57. Woods, 1994, Antagonism between Tamoxifen and Doxorubicin in the Mcf-7 Human Breast-Tumor Cell-Line, Biochem. Pharmacol., 47, 1449, 10.1016/0006-2952(94)90346-8 · DOI
  58. Kim, 2014, Sweet nanodot for biomedical imaging: Carbon dot derived from xylitol, RSC Adv., 4, 23210, 10.1039/c4ra01723d · DOI
  59. Motlagh, 2016, Fluorescence properties of several chemotherapy drugs: Doxorubicin, paclitaxel and bleomycin, Biomed. Opt. Express, 7, 2400, 10.1364/BOE.7.002400 · DOI
  60. Ding, 2015, DNA-carbon dots function as fluorescent vehicles for drug delivery, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 7, 6889, 10.1021/acsami.5b00628 · DOI
  61. Lee, H.U., Park, S.Y., Park, E.S., Son, B., Lee, S.C., Lee, J.W., Lee, Y.C., Kang, K.S., Kim, M.I., and Park, H.G. (2014). Photoluminescent carbon nanotags from harmful cyanobacteria for drug delivery and imaging in cancer cells. Sci. Rep., 4. · DOI
  62. Kose, 2006, Gemcitabine plus carboplatin in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian carcinoma, Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther., 6, 437, 10.1586/14737140.6.3.437 · DOI
  63. Cerqueira, 2007, Understanding ribonucleotide reductase inactivation by gemcitabine, Chem. Eur. J., 13, 8507, 10.1002/chem.200700260 · DOI
  64. Winer, 2009, Clinical cancer advances 2008: Major research advances in cancer treatment, prevention, and screening-a report from the american society of clinical oncology, J. Clin. Oncol., 27, 812, 10.1200/JCO.2008.21.2134 · DOI
  65. Arsawang, 2011, How do carbon nanotubes serve as carriers for gemcitabine transport in a drug delivery system?, J. Mol. Graph. Model., 29, 591, 10.1016/j.jmgm.2010.11.002 · DOI
  66. Cavallaro, 2006, Folate-mediated targeting of polymeric conjugates of gemcitabine, Int. J. Pharm., 307, 258, 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.10.015 · DOI
  67. Sharker, 2015, Target delivery of beta-cyclodextrin/paclitaxel complexed fluorescent carbon nanoparticles: Externally NIR light and internally pH sensitive-mediated release of paclitaxel with bio-imaging, J. Mater. Chem. B, 3, 5833, 10.1039/C5TB00779H · DOI
  68. Liu, 2008, Drug delivery with carbon nanotubes for in vivo cancer treatment, Cancer Res., 68, 6652, 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1468 · DOI
  69. Ajima, 2008, Enhancement of in vivo anticancer effects of cisplatin by incorporation inside single-wall carbon nanohorns, ACS Nano, 2, 2057, 10.1021/nn800395t · DOI
  70. Piccart, M., and Ponde, N. (2016). Cancer drugs, survival and ethics: A critical look from the inside. ESMO Open, 1. · DOI
  71. Scarano, 2015, Dual-drug delivery of curcumin and platinum drugs in polymeric micelles enhances the synergistic effects: A double act for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer, Biomater. Sci., 3, 163, 10.1039/C4BM00272E · DOI
  72. Cheng, 2011, Poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as an efficient drug carrier for overcoming multidrug resistance, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 250, 184, 10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.012 · DOI
  73. Wu, 2014, Thermosensitive hydrogel used in dual drug delivery system with paclitaxel-loaded micelles for in situ treatment of lung cancer, Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 122, 90, 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.06.052 · DOI
  74. Wei, 2009, Dual-drug delivery system based on hydrogel/micelle composites, Biomaterials, 30, 2606, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.01.006 · DOI
  75. Heister, 2012, Drug loading, dispersion stability, and therapeutic efficacy in targeted drug delivery with carbon nanotubes, Carbon, 50, 622, 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.08.074 · DOI
  76. Zhang, 2010, Functional graphene oxide as a nanocarrier for controlled loading and targeted delivery of mixed anticancer drugs, Small, 6, 537, 10.1002/smll.200901680 · DOI
  77. Hou, 2016, Antioxidant enzyme activities as biomarkers of fluvial biofilm to ZnO NPs ecotoxicity and the Integrated Biomarker Responses (IBR) assessment, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 133, 10, 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.014 · DOI
  78. Hardman, 2006, A toxicologic review of quantum dots: Toxicity depends on physicochemical and environmental factors, Environ. Health Perspect., 114, 165, 10.1289/ehp.8284 · DOI
  79. Young, 2016, Nanoparticle-siRNA: A potential cancer therapy?, Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hemat., 98, 159, 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.10.015 · DOI
  80. Cheng, 2013, Dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for programmed site-specific drug delivery, Biomaterials, 34, 3647, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.084 · DOI
  81. Yang, 2013, EGRF conjugated PEGylated nanographene oxide for targeted chemotherapy and photothermal therapy, Biomaterials, 34, 7204, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.007 · DOI
  82. Georgakilas, 2016, Noncovalent functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide for energy materials, biosensing, catalytic, and biomedical applications, Chem. Rev., 116, 5464, 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00620 · DOI
  83. Abbaspour, 2014, Review on iron and its importance for human health, J. Res. Med. Sci., 19, 164
  84. Elliott, 2012, Cancer: Tumor iron metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction and tumor immunosuppression; “A tight partnership—was Warburg correct?”, J. Cancer Ther., 3, 278, 10.4236/jct.2012.34039 · DOI
  85. Warner, 1978, Electron paramagnetic resonance investigation of high-spin iron (III) in cancer, Med. Phys., 5, 100, 10.1118/1.594471 · DOI
  86. Qian, 2002, Targeted drug delivery via the transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis pathway, Pharmacol. Rev., 54, 561, 10.1124/pr.54.4.561 · DOI
  87. Tortorella, 2014, Transferrin receptor-mediated endocytosis: A useful target for cancer therapy, J. Membr. Biol., 247, 291, 10.1007/s00232-014-9637-0 · DOI
  88. Fritzer, 1992, Cytotoxicity of a transferrin-adriamycin conjugate to anthracycline-resistant cells, Int. J. Cancer, 52, 619, 10.1002/ijc.2910520421 · DOI
  89. Fritzer, 1996, Cytotoxic effects of a doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate in multidrug-resistant KB cells, Biochem. Pharmacol., 51, 489, 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02225-2 · DOI
  90. Lubgan, 2009, Doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate selectively overcomes multidrug resistance in leukaemia cells, Cell. Mol. Biol. Lett., 14, 113, 10.2478/s11658-008-0037-2 · DOI
  91. Thevis, 2003, Mass spectrometric characterization of transferrins and their fragments derived by reduction of disulfide bonds, J. Am. Soc. Mass. Spectrom., 14, 635, 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00199-5 · DOI
  92. Wood, 2007, Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of iron overload, Curr. Opin. Hematol., 14, 183, 10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280d2b76b · DOI
  93. Wang, 2016, Role of hemoglobin and transferrin in multi-wall carbon nanotube-induced mesothelial injury and carcinogenesis, Cancer Sci., 107, 250, 10.1111/cas.12865 · DOI
  94. Park, 2008, Polymeric nanomedicine for cancer therapy, Prog. Polym. Sci., 33, 113, 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.09.003 · DOI · Paper page
  95. Leamon, 1991, Delivery of macromolecules into living cells—A method that exploits folate receptor endocytosis, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88, 5572, 10.1073/pnas.88.13.5572 · DOI
  96. Low, 2008, Discovery and development of folic-acid-based receptor targeting for Imaging and therapy of cancer and inflammatory diseases, Acc. Chem. Res., 41, 120, 10.1021/ar7000815 · DOI
  97. Garinchesa, 1993, Trophoblast and ovarian-cancer antigen-Lk26—Sensitivity and specificity in immunopathology and molecular-identification as a folate-binding protein, Am. J. Pathol., 142, 557
  98. Parker, 2005, Folate receptor expression in carcinomas and normal tissues determined by a quantitative radioligand binding assay, Anal. Biochem., 338, 284, 10.1016/j.ab.2004.12.026 · DOI
  99. Zwicke, G.L., Mansoori, G.A., and Jeffery, C.J. (2012). Utilizing the folate receptor for active targeting of cancer nanotherapeutics. Nano Rev., 3. · DOI · Paper page
  100. Quere, 2011, High levels of the adhesion molecule CD44 on leukemic cells generate acute myeloid leukemia relapse after withdrawal of the initial transforming event, Leukemia, 25, 515, 10.1038/leu.2010.281 · DOI
  101. Fraser, 1997, Hyaluronan: Its nature, distribution, functions and turnover, J. Intern. Med., 242, 27, 10.1046/j.1365-2796.1997.00170.x · DOI · Paper page
  102. Wang, 2011, Role of hyaluronan-mediated CD44 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma progression and chemoresistance, Am. J. Pathol., 178, 956, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.077 · DOI
  103. Wang, 2013, Role of hyaluronan synthase 2 to promote CD44-dependent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma progression, Head Neck, 35, 511, 10.1002/hed.22991 · DOI
  104. Josefsson, 2011, Prostate cancer increases hyaluronan in surrounding nonmalignant stroma, and this response is associated with tumor growth and an unfavorable outcome, Am. J. Pathol., 179, 1961, 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.005 · DOI
  105. Gritsenko, 2012, Interstitial guidance of cancer invasion, J. Pathol., 226, 185, 10.1002/path.3031 · DOI
  106. Basakran, 2015, CD44 as a potential diagnostic tumor marker, Saudi Med. J., 36, 273, 10.15537/smj.2015.3.9622 · DOI
  107. Zwick, 2001, Receptor tyrosine kinase signalling as a target for cancer intervention strategies, Endocr.-Relat. Cancer, 8, 161, 10.1677/erc.0.0080161 · DOI
  108. Shi, 2013, PEGylated fullerene/iron oxide nanocomposites for photodynamic therapy, targeted drug delivery and MR imaging, Biomaterials, 34, 9666, 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.049 · DOI
  109. Lee, 2013, Target delivery and cell imaging using hyaluronic acid-functionalized graphene quantum dots, Mol. Pharm., 10, 3736, 10.1021/mp400219u · DOI
  110. Fischer, J., and Ganellin, C.R. (2010). Analogue-Based Drug Discovery II, John Wiley & Sons. · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Pardo, J., Peng, Z., & Leblanc, R.
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2018-02-10
Volume
23
Issue
2
Pages
378
ISSN
1420-3049
DOI
10.3390/molecules23020378
PMC
PMC6017112
Cited by
226
References
2
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R21 AR07226)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review