Cancer Survivors in the United States: Prevalence across the Survivorship Trajectory and Implications for Care
Open accessAbstract
Background: Cancer survivors represent a growing population, heterogeneous in their need for medical care, psychosocial support, and practical assistance. To inform survivorship research and practice, this manuscript will describe the prevalent population of cancer survivors in terms of overall numbers and prevalence by cancer site and time since diagnosis. Methods: Incidence and survival data from 1975–2007 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program and population projections from the United States Census Bureau. Cancer prevalence for 2012 and beyond was estimated using the Prevalence Incidence Approach Model, assuming constant future incidence and survival trends but dynamic projections of the U.S. population. Results: As of January 1, 2012, approximately 13.7 million cancer survivors were living in the United States with prevalence projected to approach 18 million by 2022. Sixty-four percent of this population have survived 5 years or more; 40% have survived 10 years or more; and 15% have survived 20 years or more after diagnosis. Over the next decade, the number of people who have lived 5 years or more after their cancer diagnosis is projected to increase approximately 37% to 11.9 million. Conclusions: A coordinated agenda for research and practice is needed to address cancer survivors' long-term medical, psychosocial, and practical needs across the survivorship trajectory. Impact: Prevalence estimates for cancer survivors across the survivorship trajectory will inform the national research agenda as well as future projections about the health service needs of this population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 561–70. ©2013 AACR.
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Claims the paper makes
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- Findingown data
Breast cancer survivors account for 22% of the US cancer survivor population.
“Women with breast cancer account for 22% of survivors while men with prostate cancer account for 20% of survivors (Figure 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The 2012 US cancer survivor count was roughly 3.4 times the 1975 count.
“which is approximately a 3.4 fold increase compared to 1975.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
On January 1, 2012, about 13.7 million US residents were alive after having been diagnosed with cancer.
“As of January 1, 2012, approximately 13.7 million cancer survivors were living in the US with prevalence projected to approach 18 million by 2022.”
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
“As of January 1, 2012, there were an estimated 13.7 million people in the US who had been diagnosed with cancer (Table 1), which is approximately a 3.4 fold increase compared to 1975.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · hedged
- Findingown data
Prostate cancer survivors account for 20% of the US cancer survivor population.
“Women with breast cancer account for 22% of survivors while men with prostate cancer account for 20% of survivors (Figure 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
The projected growth in US cancer survivors between 2012 and 2022 is about 4.3 million people.
“which represents an increase of more than 4 million survivors in 10 years.”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
“the absolute number of survivors is projected to increase by approximately 4.3 million survivors over the next 10 years”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
- Also stated in: § Discussion · hedged
- Findingown data
About 15% of US cancer survivors have lived at least 20 years since diagnosis.
“Sixty-four percent of this population have survived ≥ 5 years; 40% have survived ≥ 10 years; and 15% have survived ≥ 20 years after diagnosis.”
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
“It is estimated that 64% of cancer survivors have survived ≥ 5 years; 40% have survived ≥10 years; and 15% have survived ≥ 20 years after their diagnosis (Figure 3).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · hedged
- Findingown data
Among the 245,022 cervical cancer survivors in the US, 83% have lived at least 5 years since diagnosis.
“of the 245,022 cervical cancer survivors currently living in the US, 83% have lived ≥ 5 years after diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The largest relative rise in US cancer survivors by time since diagnosis is projected for those 15 or more years post-diagnosis, increasing from 3.4 million (25% of survivors) in 2012 to 5.0 million (28%) in 2022.
“the largest relative increase in the number of cancer survivors by time since diagnosis will be among people who are 15+ years post-diagnosis where prevalence will increase from 3.4 million or 25% of all survivors in 2012 to 5.0 million or 28% of all survivors in 2022.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
- Findingown data
The number of people living after a cancer diagnosis in the US has risen steadily since the 1970s.
“The number of people diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime has been steadily increasing.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“The number of people currently living who have been diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime has been steadily increasing since the 1970s (Figure 1).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingown data
Between 2012 and 2022, the number of US cancer survivors at least 5 years from diagnosis is projected to rise from 8.7 million to 11.9 million, a 37% increase.
“Over the next decade, the number of people who have lived ≥ 5 years after their cancer diagnosis is projected to increase approximately 37% to 11.9 million.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“the number of survivors who are ≥ 5 years from diagnosis will increase from 8.7 million to 11.9 million or 37%.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
- Findingnone given
Between 2012 and 2022, the number of US cancer survivors less than 5 years from diagnosis is projected to rise from 4.9 million to 6.0 million, a 22% increase.
“From 2012 to 2022 the number of survivors who are < 5 years from diagnosis will increase from 4.9 million to 6.0 million or 22%”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
- Findingown data
About 40% of US cancer survivors have lived at least 10 years since diagnosis.
“Sixty-four percent of this population have survived ≥ 5 years; 40% have survived ≥ 10 years; and 15% have survived ≥ 20 years after diagnosis.”
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
“It is estimated that 64% of cancer survivors have survived ≥ 5 years; 40% have survived ≥10 years; and 15% have survived ≥ 20 years after their diagnosis (Figure 3).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · hedged
- Findingown data
About 64% of US cancer survivors have lived at least 5 years since diagnosis.
“Sixty-four percent of this population have survived ≥ 5 years; 40% have survived ≥ 10 years; and 15% have survived ≥ 20 years after diagnosis.”
- Also stated in: § Results · hedged
“It is estimated that 64% of cancer survivors have survived ≥ 5 years; 40% have survived ≥10 years; and 15% have survived ≥ 20 years after their diagnosis (Figure 3).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Results · hedged
- Findingown data
Lung cancer survivors make up only 3% of the US cancer survivor population.
“Although lung cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and women, only 3% of survivors were diagnosed with lung cancer.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
Among the 412,226 lung cancer survivors in the US, only 42% have lived at least 5 years since diagnosis.
“of the 412,226 lung cancer survivors currently living in the US, only 42% have survived ≥ 5 years after diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Two thirds of all cancer survivors are projected to be 65 or older by 2020.
“It is estimated that two thirds of all cancer survivors will be age 65 or older by 2020 (3).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3] Parry, 2011, Cancer survivors: a booming population, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Better cancer survival, driven by earlier detection and improved treatment, contributes to the rising number of cancer diagnoses.
“The first is an improvement in cancer survival rates, driven by advances in early detection and improvements in cancer treatment (1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [1] Howlader, 2012, SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations)
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
Over the next decade, cancer prevalence across the survivorship trajectory is projected to rise because of increasing incidence linked to population aging and better long-term survival.
“Over the next decade, prevalence across the survivorship trajectory is projected to increase as a result of increasing cancer incidence rates associated with the aging of the population and improvements in long-term survival rates.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
- Study design and conductown data
The prevalence estimates relied on cancer incidence and survival from the SEER-9 areas, which do not cover the whole US.
“Our estimates of cancer prevalence were based on cancer incidence and survival from the SEER-9 areas, which do not cover the entire US.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Both this study and the cost-of-care study projected prevalence using constant incidence and survival trends but dynamic population trends.
“In both studies, the prevalence projections were based on constant incidence and survival trends but dynamic population trends.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9] Mariotto, 2011, Projections of the cost of cancer care in the United States: 2010–2020, J Natl Cancer Inst source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisereasoning
Since cancer incidence rises with age, an older population produces more cancer diagnoses.
“Because cancer incidence rates tend to increase with age, an aging population results in progressively more people being diagnosed with cancer.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Alternative assumptions about future survival and incidence trends affect projections of cancer survivor numbers less than US population aging does.
“Different future assumptions of survival and incidence trends have shown to have a smaller impact on projections of the number of cancer survivors compared with the aging of the US population (9).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9] Mariotto, 2011, Projections of the cost of cancer care in the United States: 2010–2020, J Natl Cancer Inst source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Population aging is the most important driver of the rising number of cancer diagnoses.
“The second, and most significant, is the aging of the population (2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [2] Vincent, 2010, The Next Four Decades: The Older Population in the United States: 2010 to 2050. Population estimates and projections P25-1138
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Women have a longer life expectancy than men.
“as well as the longer life expectancy of women (32)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [32] Minino, 2011, Deaths: final data for 2008, Natl Vital Stat Rep
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
About 90% of women diagnosed with breast cancer survive at least five years.
“of which 90% will survive for five years or longer (31)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31] Siegel, 2012, Cancer statistics, 2012, CA Cancer J Clin source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
Women are over-represented among US cancer survivors who are 10 or more years post-diagnosis.
“Women are over-represented among survivors who are 10+ years post diagnosis, because of the large proportion of women diagnosed with breast cancer, of which 90% will survive for five years or longer (31), as well as the longer life expectancy of women (32).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The largest group of US cancer survivors, now and in the future, are those at least 5 years from diagnosis.
“Although prevalence is expected to increase across the survivorship trajectory, the largest group of survivors, both currently and moving forward, are those who are ≥ 5 years from diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationreasoning
The projections therefore show the effect of population dynamics, especially aging, on cancer burden under current cancer control policies and interventions.
“Thus, they reflect the impact of population dynamics, especially the aging effect, on the overall burden of cancer, under currently disseminated cancer control policies and interventions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductcitation
The modeled prevalence estimates and projections were calibrated to the January 1, 2009 cancer prevalence reported in the SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2009.
“The modeled prevalence estimates and projections were adjusted to match the 1/1/2009 cancer prevalence reported in SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2009 (1) that uses the prevalence data more directly and with fewer assumptions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [1] Howlader, 2012, SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations)
Not checked in the free run.
- May combine two claims. 7
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 3
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationBy 2022, the US cancer survivor population is projected to reach nearly 18 million, a 31% increase.
“prevalence projected to approach 18 million by 2022.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“Over the next decade, the number of cancer survivors is projected to increase by 31% to almost 18 million1, which represents an increase of more than 4 million survivors in 10 years.”
- Also stated in: § Conclusions and Impact · plain
“The proportion of cancer survivors in the United States is projected to increase 31% by the year 2022.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
May combine two claims.
FindingreasoningOver the next decade, the share of US cancer survivors at least 5 years from diagnosis is projected to rise from 64% to 67%, while the share less than 5 years from diagnosis is projected to fall.
“Over the next decade, the relative proportion of survivors who are ≥5 years from diagnosis will increase from 64% to 67% with a corresponding decrease in the relative proportion of survivors who are <5 years from diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- The authors state this as an assumption: Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
FindingcitationThis study's prevalence estimates differ somewhat from those used in published calculations of cancer care costs.
“Our prevalence estimates differ somewhat from estimates used in the calculations of costs of cancer care reported elsewhere (9).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [9] Mariotto, 2011, Projections of the cost of cancer care in the United States: 2010–2020, J Natl Cancer Inst source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductreasoningThe 2008 data year was excluded from the analysis because reporting delay was expected to cause undercounts.
“The most recent year of available data (2008) was excluded due to anticipated undercounts because of reporting delay.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningBecause of earlier detection and improved treatment, people live longer after a cancer diagnosis, producing a larger share of long-term survivors.
“Owing to advances in early detection and cancer treatment, people are living longer after a cancer diagnosis, giving rise to a growing proportion of long term survivors.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe growing cancer survivor population will strain a healthcare system with frequent cancer drug shortages and oncology demand that is expected to exceed oncologist supply.
“The growing population of cancer survivors will put pressure on a healthcare system in which cancer drug shortages are increasingly common and the demand for oncology services is poised to outpace the supply of oncologists (4–6).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [4] Erikson, 2007, Future supply and demand for oncologists: challenges to assuring access to oncology services, J Oncol Pract source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [5] Chabner, 2011, Drug shortages–a critical challenge for the generic-drug market, N Engl J Med source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [6] Gatesman, 2011, The shortage of essential chemotherapy drugs in the United States, N Engl J Med source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenThe proportion of long-term survivors for a given cancer depends on both its 5-year survival rate and its median age at diagnosis, so it tends to be higher for cancers with high 5-year survival and low median age at diagnosis.
“Generally speaking, the proportion of long-term survivors for a particular cancer is both a function of the 5-year survival rates for that cancer as well as the median age at diagnosis such that the proportion of long terms survivors will be relatively high for cancers with a high 5-year survival rate but a low median age at diagnosis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationOlder cancer survivors are more likely than younger survivors to have multiple chronic conditions and poorer physical functioning.
“older cancer survivors are more likely to have multiple chronic diseases and tend to experience poorer physical functioning than younger survivors (7–8).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationWith constant future incidence and survival, the number of cancer survivors is underestimated for kidney and melanoma cancers, whose incidence has been rising, and survival is slightly overestimated for cancers with declining recent incidence, such as cervix, ovary, breast, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers.
“A study of costs of cancer care [18] shows that using constant future incidence and survival we underestimate the number of cancer survivors for kidney and melanoma cancers, for which incidence has been increasing and slightly overestimate survival for cancer sites that have decreasing incidence in the most recent years, e.g., cervix, ovary, breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancers.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [18] Hewitt, 2006, From cancer patient to cancer survivor, lost in transition
Not checked in the free run.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Future incidence, mortality, and survival trends remain constant, while US population projections change over time.
“assuming constant future incidence and survival trends but dynamic projections of the US population.”
“projected assuming constant future mortality, incidence, and survival trends, but dynamic projections of the US population.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The SEER-9 areas have lower incidence rates than most other states and differ from the rest of the US population by higher socioeconomic status, greater urbanicity, and more specialty care.
“The SEER areas had lower incidence rates than most other states and have been found to have higher socioeconomic status, greater urban population, and more specialty care than the rest of the US population.”
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BackgroundElena, J. W., Travis, L. B., Simonds, N. I., Ambrosone, C. B., Ballard-Barbash, R. R., Bhatia, R., Cerhan, J. R., Hartge, P. A., Heist, R. S., Kushi, L. H., et al. (2012) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djs473 · Cited by 65 · cited 1× · see citing works
“and a summary of resources needed to advance survivorship research (38).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe psychosocial impact of recurrence on cancer survivors and family members: a narrative review
García‐Vivar, C., Canga‐Armayor, N., Canga, A., & Arantzamendi, M. (2009) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2008.04939.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Long term physical sequelae after adult-onset cancer
Fosså, S. D., Vassilopoulou‐Sellin, R., & Dahl, A. A. (2007) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-007-0039-5 · Cited by 64 · cited 1× · see citing works
“function, and neurological and neurophysiological sequelae (24, 25).”
BackgroundProjecting the number of patients with colorectal carcinoma by phases of care in the US: 2000–2020
Mariotto, A. B., Yabroff, K. R., Feuer, E. J., Angelis, R. D., & Brown, M. L. (2006) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-006-0072-0 · Cited by 59 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Cancer prevalence was modeled using the Prevalence Incidence Approach Model (PIAMOD), which calculates prevalence from cancer survival and cancer incidence allcause mortality (29, 30).”
MethodSelf-citationUsual and Worst Symptom Severity and Interference With Function in Breast Cancer Survivors
Berger, A. M., Visovsky, C. M., Hertzog, M. A., Holtz, S., & Loberiza, F. R. (2012) · The Journal of Supportive Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.suponc.2011.11.001 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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Quality of life in a prospective cohort of elderly women with and without cancer
Lazovich, D., Robien, K., Cutler, G. J., Virnig, B. A., & Sweeney, C. (2009) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.24580 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Late Effects in Cancer Survivors: “The Shared Care Model”
Shad, A. T., Myers, S. N., & Hennessy, K. (2012) · Current Oncology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11912-012-0224-1 · Cited by 34 · cited 1× · see citing works
“function, and neurological and neurophysiological sequelae (24, 25).”
BackgroundImpact of Survivorship-Based Research on Defining Clinical Care Guidelines
Hudson, M. M., Landier, W., & Ganz, P. A. (2011) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0642 · Cited by 31 · cited 1× · see citing works
“proposed for the long-term follow up of childhood cancer survivors (34, 35).”
BackgroundPhysical and mental health status of survivors of multiple cancer diagnoses
Andrykowski, M. A. (2011) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.26678 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Digital Divide in Internet‐Based Patient Education Materials
Sun, G. H. (2012) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599812456153 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
HITECH lays the foundation for more ambitious outcomes-based reimbursement.
Glaser, J. W. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The persistent impact of breast carcinoma on functional health status
Michael, Y. L., Kawachi, I., Berkman, L. F., Holmes, M. D., & Colditz, G. A. (2000) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(20001201)89:11 · cited 1×
“In many cases, the acute effects of treatment begin to subside as time since diagnosis increases (15, 20, 21); however, a proportion of survivors will experience lingering side effects of their treatment that can persist for many years, negatively affecting quality of life (14–16, 21–23).”
Background
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- Howlader, 2012, SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2009 (Vintage 2009 Populations)
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Bluethmann, S. M., Mariotto, A. B., & Rowland, J. H. (2016) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0133 · Cited by 1,146 · see citing works
“Currently, an estimated 64% of all survivors have lived 5 years beyond diagnosis and 40% have lived 10 years beyond diagnosis (3, 10).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationDelivering High-Quality Cancer Care: Charting a New Course for a System in Crisis
Levit, L. A., Balogh, E. P., Nass, S. J., & Ganz, P. A. (2014) · Cited by 956 · see citing works
Financial Hardships Experienced by Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review
Altice, C. K., Banegas, M. P., Tucker-Seeley, R. D., & Yabroff, K. R. (2017) · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djw205 · Cited by 864 · see citing works
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Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
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“7 million in 2012 to 18 million, by 2022 [2].”
Newhauser, W. D., & Zhang, R. (2015) · Physics in Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1088/0031-9155/60/8/r155 · Cited by 681 · see citing works
“Presently, about 3% of the US population are cancer survivors, corresponding to 11 million people, a figure projected to grow to 18 million by 2022 (de Moor et al 2013).”
BackgroundJiles, R. B., Hughes, E., Murphy, W., Flowers, N., McCracken, M., Roberts, H., Ochner, M., Balluz, L. S., Mokdad, A., Elam–Evans, L. D., et al. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 596 · see citing works
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Xu, L., Sanders, L., Li, K., & Chow, J. C. L. (2021) · JMIR Cancer · doi:10.2196/27850 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Bradshaw, P. T., Stevens, J., Khankari, N. K., Teitelbaum, S. L., Neugut, A. I., & Gammon, M. D. (2015) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000394 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms: when genetics and environment collide
McNerney, M. E., Godley, L. A., & Beau, M. M. L. (2017) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.60 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Carreira, H., Williams, R., Müller, M., Harewood, R., Stanway, S., & Bhaskaran, K. (2018) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djy177 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Hurria, A., Dale, W., Mooney, M., Rowland, J. H., Ballman, K. V., Cohen, H. J., Muss, H. B., Schilsky, R. L., FERRELL, B. R., Extermann, M., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2013.55.0418 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
“7 million in 2012, and this number is expected to reach 18 million in the next 10 years.(61) Approximately 60% of today’s cancer survivors are age 65 years,(3) and this number will steadily increase because of an overall rise in life expectancy and advances in early detection and cancer treatment.”
BackgroundSelf-citationEconomic Burden of Cancer Survivorship Among Adults in the United States
Guy, G. P., Ekwueme, D. U., Yabroff, K. R., Dowling, E. C., Li, C., Rodriguez, J. L., de Moor, J. S., & Virgo, K. S. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2013.49.1241 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationRisk of second primary malignancies among cancer survivors in the United States, 1992 through 2008
Donin, N. M., Filson, C. P., Drakaki, A., Tan, H., Castillo, A., Kwan, L. C., Litwin, M. S., & Chamie, K. (2016) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.30164 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Cillessen, L., Johannsen, M., Speckens, A. E. M., & Zachariae, R. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5214 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Obesity and cancer: An update of the global impact
Arnold, M., Leitzmann, M. F., Freisling, H., Bray, F., Romieu, I., Renehan, A. G., & Soerjomataram, I. (2016) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2016.01.003 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Prevalence of cancer survivors in the United States
Tonorezos, E. S., Devasia, T. P., Mariotto, A. B., Mollica, M. A., Gallicchio, L. M., Green, P. A., Doose, M., Brick, R. S., Streck, B. P., Reed, C., et al. (2024) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djae135 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevalence of Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Survivors in the United States
Majhail, N. S., Tao, L., Bredeson, C., Davies, S. M., Dehn, J. G., Gajewski, J., Hahn, T., Jakubowski, A. A., Joffe, S., Lazarus, H. M., et al. (2013) · Transplantation and Cellular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.07.020 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
“DISCUSSION The cancer survivor population in the United States is expected to grow to 18 million by 2022 [19], and, based on”
BackgroundNekhlyudov, L., O'malley, D. M., & Hudson, S. V. (2017) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30570-8 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Suicide risk among cancer survivors: Head and neck versus other cancers
Osazuwa‐Peters, N., Simpson, M. C., Zhao, L., Boakye, E. A., Olomukoro, S. I., Deshields, T. L., Loux, T. M., Varvares, M. A., & Schootman, M. (2018) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.31675 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“More attention needs to be paid to these treatment-related, psychosocial and financial toxicity factors that increase the risk of suicide among HNC and other cancer survivors.(49,50)”
BackgroundCancer Targeting and Drug Delivery Using Carbon-Based Quantum Dots and Nanotubes
Pardo, J., Peng, Z., & Leblanc, R. M. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23020378 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
“An over 400% increase in cancer survival by 2022 is projected when compared to 1977, the majority of growth occurring in the long-term (15+ years) survival of patients [19].”
BackgroundWho Is a Cancer Survivor? A Systematic Review of Published Definitions
Marzorati, C., Riva, S., & Pravettoni, G. (2016) · Journal of Cancer Education · doi:10.1007/s13187-016-0997-2 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
“The second is the aging of the population [3, 4].”
BackgroundVirani, S., Dent, S. F., Brezden‐Masley, C., Clarke, B. A., Davis, M. K., Jassal, D. S., Johnson, C. B., Lemieux, J., Paterson, D. I., Sebag, I. A., et al. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.02.078 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with taxanes and platinum derivatives
Ewertz, M., Qvortrup, C., & Eckhoff, L. (2015) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.3109/0284186x.2014.995775 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Stanton, A. L., Rowland, J. H., & Ganz, P. A. (2015) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0037875 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
“Prolonged survival is attributable, in part, to improvements in early detection and combined modality treatments (de Moor et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCancer Survivorship Issues: Life After Treatment and Implications for an Aging Population
Rowland, J. H., & Bellizzi, K. M. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2014.55.8361 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“and roughly 15% represented survivors whose cancer was diagnosed 20 years earlier.(2) The conse-”
BackgroundSelf-citationCancer Therapy-Related Cardiac Dysfunction: An Overview for the Clinician
Perez, I. E., Alam, S. T., Hernandez, G. A., & Sancassani, R. B. (2019) · Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology · doi:10.1177/1179546819866445 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Sekeres, M. A., Guyatt, G. H., Abel, G. A., Alibhai, S. M. H., Altman, J. K., Buckstein, R. J., Choe, H. K., Desai, P. M., Erba, H. P., Hourigan, C. S., et al. (2020) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001920 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“worse survival in cooperative group trials and in population-based studies.(26,34-38) Regardless of treatment intensity, the outcomes in older adults with AML are worse than those in younger cohorts, and the differential age-dependent responses persist when analyzed by specific cytogenetic categories, including favora…”
BackgroundCervical Cancer Survivorship: Long-term Quality of Life and Social Support
Pfaendler, K. S., Wenzel, L. B., Mechanic, M. B., & Penner, K. (2015) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.11.013 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Stagl, J. M., Bouchard, L. C., Lechner, S. C., Blomberg, B. B., Gudenkauf, L. M., Jutagir, D. R., Glück, S., Derhagopian, R. P., Carver, C. S., & Antoni, M. H. (2015) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29076 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“7 million) as of 2012,(1) with 40% having survived 10 or more years.(2) Approximately 22% of these are female breast cancer survivors, and this makes these survivors the most prevalent cancer survivor group.”
BackgroundPhysical and Mental Health Among Cancer Survivors
Naughton, M. J., & Weaver, K. E. (2014) · North Carolina Medical Journal · doi:10.18043/ncm.75.4.283 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Dysregulation of sphingolipid metabolism contributes to bortezomib-induced neuropathic pain
Stockstill, K., Doyle, T. M., Yan, X., et al. (2018) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20170584 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
“Advances in strategies to address this growing problem are urgently needed with increased efficacy of cancer therapy that has resulted in nearly 14 million cancer survivors in the United States (de Moor et al., 2013), many suffering from these long-term side effects (Farquhar-Smith, 2011).”
BackgroundPrevalence of Prior Cancer Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With Cancer
Murphy, C. C., Gerber, D. E., & Pruitt, S. L. (2017) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.3605 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“We categorized incident cancers as a: (1) first or only primary; (2) second order or higher primary in the same cancer site (eg, 2 melanomas diagnosed at least 1 year apart); or (3) second order or higher primary in a different cancer site.”
BackgroundMethodMitochondria: gatekeepers of response to chemotherapy
Sarosiek, K. A., Chonghaile, T. N., & Letai, A. G. (2013) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2013.08.003 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Metformin Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Brain Damage in Mice
Zhou, W., Kavelaars, A., & Heijnen, C. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151890 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“Thanks to the increased efficacy of cancer therapy there are now nearly 14 million cancer survivors in the United States alone[1].”
BackgroundCancer-Related Information Seeking Among Cancer Survivors: Trends Over a Decade (2003–2013)
Rutten, L. J. F., Agunwamba, A. A., Wilson, P. M., Chawla, N., Vieux, S. N., Blanch‐Hartigan, D., Arora, N. K., Blake, K. D., & Hesse, B. W. (2015) · Journal of Cancer Education · doi:10.1007/s13187-015-0802-7 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Accelerated Aging among Cancer Survivors: From Pediatrics to Geriatrics
Henderson, T. O., Ness, K. K., & Cohen, H. J. (2014) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.14694/edbook_am.2014.34.e423 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
The use of eHealth to promote physical activity in cancer survivors: a systematic review
Haberlin, C., O’Dwyer, T., Mockler, D., Moran, J., O’Donnell, D. M., & Broderick, J. M. (2018) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4305-z · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“There are approximately 13 million cancer survivors in the USA today, a figure projected to increase to almost 18 million by 2022 [2].”
Schlesinger, S., Siegert, S., Koch, M., Walter, J., Heits, N., Hinz, S., Jacobs, G., Hampe, J., Schafmayer, C., & Nöthlings, U. (2014) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0435-x · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Worldwide colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and the second in women [1], with increasing cancer survival rates in Western countries [2].”
BackgroundCheville, A. L., Mustian, K. M., Winters‐Stone, K. M., Zucker, D. S., Gamble, G. L., & Alfano, C. M. (2016) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2016.08.001 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, Y., Carver, C. S., Shaffer, K. M., Gansler, T. S., & Cannady, R. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29040 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Medical costs and productivity losses of cancer survivors--United States, 2008-2011.
(2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of the Financial Burden of Survivors of Head and Neck Cancer With Other Cancer Survivors
Massa, S., Osazuwa-Peters, N., Boakye, E. A., Walker, R. J., & Ward, G. (2019) · JAMA Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamaoto.2018.3982 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
The Plausibility of Obesity Paradox in Cancer—Point
Park, Y., Peterson, L. L., & Colditz, G. A. (2018) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3043 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“As more and more cancer survivors live longer after cancer (88), body weight management after cancer is important to maintain overall health and well-being of cancer survivors.”
BackgroundPhysical Activity and Cancer Survivorship
Garcia, D. O., & Thomson, C. A. (2014) · Nutrition in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1177/0884533614551969 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Götze, H., Taubenheim, S., Dietz, A., Lordick, F., & Mehnert, A. (2018) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-018-0708-6 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Zhu, G., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Xiong, H., Zhao, Y., & Sun, F. (2016) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s97864 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Sexual Health as a Survivorship Issue for Female Cancer Survivors
Dizon, D. S., Suzin, D., & McIlvenna, S. (2014) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0302 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“alone indicate that 64%, 40%, and 15%ofcancer survivors are alive 5 years, 10 years, and20years or more, respectively, following diagnosis [3].”
BackgroundInfluentialPifithrin-μ Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Chemobrain by Preserving Neuronal Mitochondrial Function
Chiu, G. S., Maj, M. A., Rizvi, S., Dantzer, R., Vichaya, E. G., Laumet, G. O., Kavelaars, A., & Heijnen, C. J. (2016) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1817 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Resnick, M. J., Lacchetti, C., Bergman, J., Hauke, R. J., Hoffman, K. E., Kungel, T. M., Morgans, A. K., & Penson, D. F. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2014.60.2557 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Carreira, H., Williams, R., Dempsey, H., Stanway, S. J., Smeeth, L. L., & Bhaskaran, K. (2020) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-020-00950-3 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“7 million in the USA and 500,000 in the United Kingdom (UK) [1, 2].”
BackgroundThe role of the GP in follow-up cancer care: a systematic literature review
Meiklejohn, J. A., Mimery, A., Martin, J. H., Bailie, R. S., Garvey, G., Walpole, E. T., Adams, J., Williamson, D. S., & Valery, P. C. (2016) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-016-0545-4 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“Consequently, long-term medical, psychosocial and practical needs across the cancer survivorship trajectory put demands on health care funding and services [6].”
Kerns, S. L., Fung, C., Monahan, P. O., Ardeshir‐Rouhani‐Fard, S., Zaid, M. I. A., Williams, A. M., Stump, T. E., Sesso, H. D., Feldman, D. R., Hamilton, R. J., et al. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2017.77.0735 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Mayer, D. K., & Alfano, C. M. (2019) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djy232 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationWeber, J. S., Levit, L. A., Adamson, P. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2014.58.2635 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Ferguson, R. J., Sigmon, S. T., Pritchard, A. J., Labrie, S. L., Goetze, R. E., Fink, C. M., & Garrett, A. M. (2016) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29891 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“Greater than 650,000 patients receive chemotherapy annually and owing largely to improved cancer screening and treatment, the number of individuals living with a cancer diagnosis in the United States is estimated to reach 18 million by 2022.(5) These numbers highlight the need for effective CRCD treatment.”
BackgroundGallicchio, L. M., Tonorezos, E. S., de Moor, J. S., Elena, J. W., Farrell, M. M., Green, P. A., Mitchell, S. A., Mollica, M. A., Perna, F. M., Saiontz, N. G., et al. (2021) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djab049 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“In addition, few existing studies assessing long-term and late effects have included a non-cancer comparison group; therefore, there is limited understanding of the effects of cancer and cancer treatment in the context of normal aging and lifestyle patterns [19, 20].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAlfano, C. M., Jefford, M., Maher, J., Birken, S. A., & Mayer, D. K. (2019) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbk_238267 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationZajacova, A., Dowd, J. B., Schoeni, R. F., & Wallace, R. B. (2015) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29510 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
“Within a decade, the number of cancer survivors in the United States will reach 18 million.(2) Thus, as cancer increasingly changes from a terminal illness to a chronic disease, it becomes increasingly important to understand how its diagnosis and treatment affect the economic wellbeing of cancer patients and their fa…”
BackgroundPhillips, S. M., Alfano, C. M., Perna, F. M., & Glasgow, R. E. (2014) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1355 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationLaccetti, A. L., Pruitt, S. L., Xuan, L., Halm, E. A., & Gerber, D. E. (2015) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djv002 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“Given the near four-fold increase in the number of US cancer survivors over the past 30 years (21), the extent to which this practice limits trial accrual will likely increase.”
BackgroundPolypharmacy and patterns of prescription medication use among cancer survivors
Murphy, C. C., Fullington, H. M., Álvarez, C. A., Betts, A. C., Lee, S. J. C., Haggstrom, D. A., & Halm, E. A. (2018) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.31389 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Nearly one-half of cancer survivors have lived 10 years beyond their diagnosis, and two-thirds have lived beyond 5 years.(2) Survivors have complex health needs.”
BackgroundMaso, L. D., Tavilla, A., Pacini, F., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2017.02.023 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Abdollah, F., Sood, A., Sammon, J. D., et al. (2015) · European Urology · doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2015.06.020 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“With increasing life expectancy, aging population [21,22], and recent recommendations against using PSA as ascreeningtool[23], it isplausiblethattheburdenofhigh-risk disease will only increase further.”
Pisu, M., Kenzik, K. M., Oster, R. A., et al. (2015) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.29206 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Hair disorders in cancer survivors
Freites‐Martínez, A., Shapiro, J., van den Hurk, C. J. G., Goldfarb, S. B., Jimenez, J. J., Rossi, A., Paus, R., & Lacouture, M. E. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.03.056 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Race and sex disparities in long-term survival of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in the United States
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“7 million cancer survivors in the USA, and those affected by breast cancer make up 22 % of that group [1].”
BackgroundDeveloping High-Quality Cancer Rehabilitation Programs: A Timely Need
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Premature Aging in Young Cancer Survivors
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“7 million cancer survivors in the United States, and this number is expected to increase to 18 million by 2022 [2].”
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A Review of Radiotherapy-Induced Late Effects Research after Advanced Technology Treatments
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Exercise-Based Oncology Rehabilitation
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“Studies were excluded based on the following criteria: (1) interventions did not use E-DATs, such as only relaxation (vs exercise) interventions, or exercise interventions that used technology solely for data collection (eg, sealed pedometer recording steps for baseline and follow-up) rather than as a component of the…”
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“With the aging of the population, the number of older patients with cancer is expected to rise further in the coming decades [2].”
BackgroundSpiritual well-being and depressive symptoms among cancer survivors
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“7 million cancer survivors in the USA, and the number of cancer survivors is projected to increase to almost 18 million by 2022 [4].”
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The impact of overdiagnosis on thyroid cancer epidemic in Italy,1998–2012
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“Of note, in the USA, Schneider et al. [28] showed that implementation of a screening program resulted in a 17-fold increase in thyroid nodules and carcinomas in all age groups, even with the diagnostic methods available in the 1970s.”
BackgroundCarreira, H., Williams, R., Funston, G., Stanway, S., & Bhaskaran, K. (2021) · PLOS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003504 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“9 million in the United States and 570,000 in the UK, with numbers projected to rise further [1,2].”
BackgroundCarroll, J., Bower, J. E., & Ganz, P. A. (2021) · Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41571-021-00580-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Delivery of Financial Navigation Services within National Cancer Institute-Designated Cancer Centers
de Moor, J. S., Mollica, M. A., Sampson, A., Adjei, B. A., Weaver, S. J., Geiger, A. M., Kramer, B. S., Grenen, E., Miscally, M., & Ciolino, H. P. (2021) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkab033 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“services throughout treatment and survivorship care (55,56).”
Self-citationCurcumin attenuates cognitive impairment by enhancing autophagy in chemotherapy
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“Over the past few decades, chemotherapeutic agents have significantly increased survival rates in the treatment of cancer (de Moor et al., 2013).”
Backgroundthe NICER Working Group, Feller, A., Matthes, K. L., Bordoni, A., Bouchardy, C., Bulliard, J., Herrmann, C., Konzelmann, I., Maspoli, M., Mousavi, S. M., et al. (2020) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-019-6452-0 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
An Action Plan for Translating Cancer Survivorship Research Into Care
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“Background The number of cancer survivors is increasing due to the aging population and improvements in early detection and cancer treatments [1].”
BackgroundA Pilot Mobile-Based Mindfulness Intervention for Cancer Patients and Their Informal Caregivers
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Developing a data infrastructure for a learning health system: the PORTAL network
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“Notably, given the fourfold increase in the number of cancer survivors in the U.S. over the past 30 years (de Moor et al, 2013), the frequency of prior cancers is likely to increase in the future. www.bjcancer.com | DOI:10.1038/bjc.2017.27 721 If individuals with prior cancer diagnoses are excluded…”
BackgroundInfluentialSurvival analysis of robotic versus traditional laparoscopic surgical staging for endometrial cancer
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“Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;207(2): 94-100.”
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Biomarkers of aging associated with past treatments in breast cancer survivors
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Mobile applications for breast cancer survivorship and self-management: A systematic review
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- Authors
- de Moor, J. S., Mariotto, A. B., Parry, C., Alfano, C. M., Padgett, L., Kent, E. E., Forsythe, L., Scoppa, S., Hachey, M., & Rowland, J. H.
- Affiliations
- Authors' Affiliations: 1Office of Cancer Survivorship, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 2Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 3Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 4Applied Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 5Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; 6Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington; and 7IMS, Falls Church, Virginia
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention
- Published
- 2013-04-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 561-570
- ISSN
- 1055-9965 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7755
- PMC
- PMC3654837
- OpenAlex
- W2147485520
- Cited by
- 670
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 55 · 2018: 74 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 74 · 2014: 61 · 2013: 14
- FWCI
- 38.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 CA999999)
- National Cancer Institute (Y99 CA999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
- Keywords
- cancer survivors, cancer prevalence, cancer incidence, population projections, tumor location, psychosocial support, health care needs
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Registries, United States, Incidence, Prevalence, Survival Rate, Survivors, Patient-Centered Care, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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