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Cited by 817Nanocomposite Films for Food PackagingAdvanced Drug Delivery SystemsPolysaccharides Composition and Applications

Chitosan: A Natural Biopolymer with a Wide and Varied Range of Applications

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Jiménez-Gómez, Carmen P., Cecilia, Juan Antonio·2020·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules25173981PMC PMC7504732
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Abstract

Although chitin is of the most available biopolymers on Earth its uses and applications are limited due to its low solubility. The deacetylation of chitin leads to chitosan. This biopolymer, composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked D-units, has better physicochemical properties due to the facts that it is possible to dissolve this biopolymer under acidic conditions, it can adopt several conformations or structures and it can be functionalized with a wide range of functional groups to modulate its superficial composition to a specific application. Chitosan is considered a highly biocompatible biopolymer due to its biodegradability, bioadhesivity and bioactivity in such a way this biopolymer displays a wide range of applications. Thus, chitosan is a promising biopolymer for numerous applications in the biomedical field (skin, bone, tissue engineering, artificial kidneys, nerves, livers, wound healing). This biopolymer is also employed to trap both organic compounds and dyes or for the selective separation of binary mixtures. In addition, chitosan can also be used as catalyst or can be used as starting molecule to obtain high added value products. Considering these premises, this review is focused on the structure and modification of chitosan as well as its uses and applications.

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  • After cellulose, chitosan is the second most abundant biopolymer found in living organisms.

    “After cellulose, chitosan is the second most abundant biopolymer found in living organisms [144].”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [144]

    The Introduction identifies chitin, not chitosan, as the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose. The Abstract distinguishes the two, explaining that chitosan is produced by deacetylating chitin. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • Chitosan is non-toxic, biodegradable, and exhibits minimal immune response when used in vivo.

    “Chitosan is non-toxic, biodegradable, and exhibits minimal immune response when used in vivo.”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [144]

    Section 3.1 describes chitosan as having low toxicity and being biodegradable; Section 2 also lists it as non-toxic and biodegradable. The copy does not establish that it produces a minimal immune response in vivo. Section 3.2 instead mentions immunostimulation, without quantifying the immune response. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Chitosan's structure provides a cationic nature, making it unique among polysaccharides and capable of interacting with negatively charged biological molecules such as proteins and cell membranes, making it favorable for tissue engineering applications.

    “This structure provides chitosan with a cationic nature, making it unique among polysaccharides and capable of interacting with negatively charged biological molecules such as proteins and cell membranes, which makes it a favorable biopolymer for tissue engineering applications [144].”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [144]

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200 of 263 shown

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Jiménez-Gómez, C. P., & Cecilia, J. A.
Affiliations
  • Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía (Unidad Asociada al ICP-CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Malaga, Spain
  • Universidad de Málaga (ES)
Corresponding author
Cecilia, Juan Antonio
ORCID
Cecilia, Juan Antonio
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-01
Volume
25
Issue
17
Pages
3981
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/molecules25173981
PMC
PMC7504732
OpenAlex
W3082024097
Cited by
817
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 160 · 2025: 232 · 2024: 198 · 2023: 121 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 32
FWCI
3.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2026-09-24)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018- 094918-B-C44, RTI2018-099668-B-C22)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging
  • Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
Keywords
chitosan, chitin deacetylation, biopolymers, chitosan functionalization, biocompatibility, biodegradability, biomedical applications, tissue engineering, wound healing, dye adsorption, organic compound removal, selective separation, value-added products
MeSH terms
Acetylation, Animals, Biocompatible Materials, Humans, Drug Delivery Systems, Hydrogels, Tissue Engineering, Chitosan

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