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8-oxoguanine and 8-oxodeoxyguanosine biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage: a review on HPLC-ECD determination
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously produced in living cells due to metabolic and biochemical reactions and due to exposure to physical, chemical and biological agents. Excessive ROS cause oxidative stress and lead to oxidative DNA damage. Within ROS-mediated DNA lesions, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and its nucleotide 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)—the guanine and deoxyguanosine oxidation products, respectively, are regarded as the most significant biomarkers for oxidative DNA damage. The quantification of 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG in urine, blood, tissue and saliva is essential, being employed to determine the overall effects of oxidative stress and to assess the risk, diagnose, and evaluate the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and other age-related diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC–ECD) is largely employed for 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG determination in biological samples due to its high selectivity and sensitivity, down to the femtomolar range. This review seeks to provide an exhaustive analysis of the most recent reports on the HPLC–ECD determination of 8-oxoG and 8-oxodG in cellular DNA and body fluids, which is relevant for health research.
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![Figure 1 Differential pulse voltammograms at a glassy carbon electrode in a 5 µM solution of (black line) 8-oxoG, (black dotted line) UA, and (red line) a 5 µM equimolar mixture of 8-oxoG and UA in (a) pH = 9.4 and (b) pH = 6.2. Reproduced from [102] with permission. Copyright 2004 Elsevier.](/paper-figures/3bed05fd3bb443289628d2ecc71cc5b6/8-oxoguanine-and-8-oxodeoxyguanosine-biomarkers-of-oxidative-dna-damage-a-review-figure-1.jpg)
![Figure 2 (a) HPLC chromatograms obtained from (black dotted line) a 10 µL injection of a 100 nM standard mixture of UA, 8-oxoG, and 8-oxodG; (black line) a 10 µL injection of a urine sample from a child with metabolic disorders after being processed by solid phase extraction (SPE). (b,c) Same urine sample (black line) before and (black dotted line) after being spiked with 250 nM standard solutions of (b) 8-oxoG and (c) 8-oxodG. Reproduced from [54] with permission. Copyright 2004 Elsevier.](/paper-figures/dd9570b8a7a2426fa03cf50052c46e87/8-oxoguanine-and-8-oxodeoxyguanosine-biomarkers-of-oxidative-dna-damage-a-review-figure-2.jpg)
![Figure 3 Identification of target analytes in spiked urine samples at different electrochemical channels: (A) m-tyrosine and nitrotyrosine (0.65 V); (B) 8-oxodG (0.25 V); (C) o-tyrosine and cl-tyrosine (0.50 V). Reproduced from [103] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier.](/paper-figures/c9a250d497fa452eaa45edc2b18dca72/8-oxoguanine-and-8-oxodeoxyguanosine-biomarkers-of-oxidative-dna-damage-a-review-figure-3.jpg)
![Figure 4 HPLC chromatograms of serum samples for healthy people. HPLC conditions were a mobile phase consisting of a 35 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 5% acetonitrile and 30 mol L−1 EDTA, a column oven temperature of 27 °C, an injection volume of 100 L, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and an HPLC Develosil C30 prepacked column (5 m particle size). Reproduced from [37] with permission. Copyright 2010 Elsevier.](/paper-figures/8d310cc2d0dd4e458ac7caed8537866b/8-oxoguanine-and-8-oxodeoxyguanosine-biomarkers-of-oxidative-dna-damage-a-review-figure-4.jpg)
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“DNA damage, in the form of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), is considered a useful biomarker of oxidative DNA damage that has been used to evaluate the risk of developing inflammatory-related diseases and cancer (Chiorcea-Paquim, 2022;Graille et al., 2020).”
From Airborne microplastic exposure and urinary oxidative damage biomarkers in populations living in traffic-congested areas (2026) · cites this paper as Chiorcea-Paquim, 2022
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Base-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage
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“The ECD analytical determination was revealed to be 1000 times more sensitive than the UV detection method [19], which made the quantification of 8-oxodG possible in HeLa cells [20], mouse liver [20], rat kidney [21,22], rat liver [23,24], rat heart [25], and rat urine [21], as well as in human leukocytes [26], blood…”
MethodSerum 8-Hydroxy-Guanine Levels Are Increased in Diabetic Patients
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nuñez-Selles, A. J., Nuñez-Musa, R. A., & Guillen-Marmolejos, R. A. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1611842 · Cited by 51
Navasumrit, P., Chompoobut, C., Rattanayut, P., Kuntinuguntanon, A., Waeya, S., Kanitwithayanun, J., & Ruchirawat, M. (2026) · Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances · doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2026.101571
Metadata
- Authors
- Chiorcea-Paquim, A.-M.
- Affiliations
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-03-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1620
- ISSN
- 1420-3049
- PMC
- PMC8911600
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (UID/EMS/00285/2020)
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