Oxidative damage to DNA during aging: 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in rat organ DNA and urine.
Open accessAbstract
Oxidative damage to DNA is shown to be extensive and could be a major cause of the physiological changes associated with aging and the degenerative diseases related to aging such as cancer. The oxidized nucleoside, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (oh8dG), one of the approximately 20 known oxidative DNA damage products, has been measured in DNA isolated from various organs of Fischer 344 rats of different ages. oh8dG was present in the DNA isolated from all the organs studied: liver, brain, kidney, intestine, and testes. Steady-state levels of oh8dG ranged from 8 to 73 residues per 10(6) deoxyguanosine residues or 0.2-2.0 x 10(5) residues per cell. Levels of oh8dG in DNA increased with age in liver, kidney, and intestine but remained unchanged in brain and testes. The urinary excretion of oh8dG, which presumably reflects its repair from DNA by nuclease activity, decreased with age from 481 to 165 pmol per kg of body weight per day for urine obtained from 2-month- and 25-month-old rats, respectively. 8-Hydroxyguanine, the proposed repair product of a glycosylase activity, was also assayed in the urine. We estimate approximately 9 x 10(4) oxidative hits to DNA per cell per day in the rat. The results suggest that the age-dependent accumulation of oh8dG residues observed in DNA from liver, kidney, and intestine is principally due to the slow loss of DNA nuclease activity; however, an increase in the rate of oxidative DNA damage cannot be ruled out.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Mitochondrial proteins are also subject to attack by ROS.
“Mitochondrial proteins are also subject to attack by ROS (88, 121, 157, 257, 318).”
From Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in excitable cells: Modulators of mitochondrial and cell function (2009) · cites this paper as [121]
Peroxides produced by mitochondria can create nonenzymatic shunts in the TCA cycle.
“Peroxides produced by mitochondria can create nonenzymatic shunts in the TCA cycle (56, 121).”
From Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in excitable cells: Modulators of mitochondrial and cell function (2009) · cites this paper as [121]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Free radicals in biology and medicine
Gutteridge, J. M. C. (1991) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(91)90478-o · Cited by 17,178 · see citing works
Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs.
Chance, B., Sies, H., & Boveris, A. (1979) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1979.59.3.527 · Cited by 5,827 · see citing works
Dietary Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens
Ames, B. N. (1983) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6351251 · Cited by 2,969 · see citing works
Self-citationHarman, D. (1981) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.78.11.7124 · Cited by 1,915 · see citing works
The Chemical Basis of Radiation Biology
O'Neill, P. (1987) · International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics Chemistry and Medicine · doi:10.1080/09553008714552571 · Cited by 1,844 · see citing works
The chemical basis of radiation biology
von Sonntag, C. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,748 · see citing works
Normal oxidative damage to mitochondrial and nuclear DNA is extensive.
Richter, C., Park, J. W., & Ames, B. N. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.17.6465 · Cited by 1,730 · see citing works
Self-citationAge-related changes in oxidized proteins.
Oliver, C. N., Ahn, B. W., Moerman, E. J., Goldstein, S., & Stadtman, E. R. (1987) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45598-6 · Cited by 1,306 · see citing works
Geigy, J. R. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,221 · see citing works
The Inheritance of Epigenetic Defects
Holliday, R. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3310230 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
Oxy-Radicals and Related Species: Their Formation, Lifetimes, and Reactions
Pryor, W. A. (1986) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.003301 · Cited by 1,000 · see citing works
Hydroxylation of deoxyguanosine at the C-8 position by ascorbic acid and other reducing agents
Kasai, H., & Nishimura, S. (1984) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/12.4.2137 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
Kasai, H., Crain, P. F., Kuchino, Y., Nishimura, S., Ootsuyama, A., & Tanooka, H. (1986) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/7.11.1849 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Lipid peroxidation damage to cell components.
Tappel, A. L. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Oxidants from phagocytes: agents of defense and destruction
Babior, B. (1984) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v64.5.959.959 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Kuchino, Y., Mori, F., Kasai, H., Inoue, H., Iwai, S., Miura, K., Ohtsuka, E., & Nishimura, S. (1987) · Nature · doi:10.1038/327077a0 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine as a biological marker of in vivo oxidative DNA damage.
Shigenaga, M. K., Gimeno, C. J., & Ames, B. N. (1989) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.86.24.9697 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Self-citationEndogenous Oxidative DNA Damage, Aging, and Cancer
Ames, B. N. (1989) · Free Radical Research Communications · doi:10.3109/10715768909087933 · Cited by 708 · see citing works
Self-citationLipid Peroxides in Biology and Medicine
(1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-768050-7.x5001-x · Cited by 638 · see citing works
Oxidative damage to DNA: relation to species metabolic rate and life span.
Adelman, R., Saul, R. L., & Ames, B. N. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2706 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Self-citationGupta, R. C. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.22.6943 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
EGAÑA, E. (1971) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7175-9_22 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
The Relation of Free Radical Production to Hyperoxia
Jamieson, D., Chance, B., Cadenas, E., & Boveris, A. D. (1986) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.003415 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Cathcart, R., Schwiers, E., Saul, R. L., & Ames, B. N. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.18.5633 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Self-citationKasai, H., Nishimura, S., Kurokawa, Y., & Hayashi, Y. (1987) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/8.12.1959 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Spontaneous cancer and its possible relationship to oxygen metabolism.
Totter, J. R. (1980) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.77.4.1763 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Oxygen Radicals in Biology and Medicine
Simic, M. G., Taylor, K., Ward, J. F., & von Sonntag, C. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-5568-7 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Action of food restriction in delaying the aging process
Masoro, E. J., Yu, B. P., & Bertrand, H. A. (1982) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.79.13.4239 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Dizdaroğlu, M. (1985) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00337a032 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Antioxidant Defenses in the Lung
Fridovich, I., & Freeman, B. E. (1986) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.003401 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Cand, F., & Verdetti, J. (1989) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(89)90101-9 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Endogenous carcinogenesis: molecular oncology into the twenty-first century--presidential address.
Loeb, L. A. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Hydroxyl free radical mediated formation of 8-hydroxyguanine in isolated DNA
Floyd, R. A., West, M. S., Eneff, K. L., et al. (1988) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90188-9 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Kirkwood, T. B. L. (1989) · Mutation Research/DNAging · doi:10.1016/0921-8734(89)90035-0 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Randerath, K., Reddy, M. V., & Disher, R. M. (1986) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/7.9.1615 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
[41] Fluorescent damage products of lipid peroxidation
Dillard, C. J., & Tappel, A. L. (1984) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(84)05044-8 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Park, J. W., & Ames, B. N. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.20.7467 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of vitamin E- and selenium-deficiency on rat liver chemiluminescence
Fraga, C. G., Arias, R., Llesuy, S., Koch, O. R., & Boveris, A. (1987) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj2420383 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of dietary polyunsaturated fats and vitamin E on aging and peroxidative damage to DNA
Summerfield, F. W., & Tappel, A. L. (1984) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(84)90462-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Physiological basis of geriatrics
(1989) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(89)90287-5 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Age and strain dependence of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase activity in mice
Nakatsuru, Y., Aoki, K., & Ishikawa, T. (1989) · Mutation Research/DNAging · doi:10.1016/0921-8734(89)90040-4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Manso, C. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 16
- [1]Cutler, R. G. (1984) in Free Radicals in Biology, ed. Pryor, W. A. (Academic, New York), Vol. 4, pp. 371–428.
- [2]Totter, J. R. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 1763–1767.
- [3]Harman, D. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 7124–7128.
- [6]Adelman, R., Saul, R. L. & Ames, B. N. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2706–2708.
- [10]Tappel, A. L. (1973) Fed. Proc. Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 32, 1870-1874.
- [11]Richter, C., Park, J.-W. & Ames, B. N. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 6465–6467.
- [14]Cathcart, R., Schwiers, E., Saul, R. L. & Ames, B. N. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 5633–5637.
- [16]Shigenaga, M. K., Gimeno, C. J. & Ames, B. N. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, 9697–9701.
- [15]Saul, R. L., Gee, P. & Ames, B. N. (1987) in Modern Biological Theories of Aging, eds. Warner, H. R., Butler, R. N., Sprott, R. L. & Schneider, E. L. (Raven, New York), pp. 113-129.
- [25]Masoro, E. J., Yu, B. P. & Bertrand, H. A. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 4239–4241.
- [26]Gupta, R. C. (1984) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81, 6943–6947.
- [29]Shigenaga, M. K., Park, J.-W., Cundy, K. C., Gimeno, C. J. & Ames, B. N. (1990) Methods Enzymol., in press.
- [38]Prescott, D. M. (1976) Reproduction of Eucaryotic Cells (Academic, New York), pp. 1–2.
- [41]Park, J.-W. & Ames, B. N. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 7467–7470, and correction (1988) 85, 9508.
- [43]Timiras, M. L. (1988) in Psychological Basis of Geriatrics, ed. Timiras, P. S. (Macmillan, New York), pp. 315–333.
- [44]Timiras, P. S. (1988) in Physiological Basis of Geriatrics, ed. Timiras, P. S. (Macmillan, New York), pp. 334–348.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging.
Ames, B. N., Shigenaga, M. K., & Hagen, T. M. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.17.7915 · Cited by 5,958 · see citing works
Self-citationOxidative damage and mitochondrial decay in aging.
Shigenaga, M. K., Hagen, T. M., & Ames, B. N. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.23.10771 · Cited by 2,055 · see citing works
Self-citation8-Hydroxyguanine, an abundant form of oxidative DNA damage, causes G-T and A-C substitutions.
Cheng, K. C., Cahill, D. S., Kasai, H., Nishimura, S., & Loeb, L. A. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)48474-8 · Cited by 1,844 · see citing works
Oxidative DNA damage and disease: induction, repair and significance
Evans, M. D., Dizdaroglu, M., & Cooke, M. S. (2004) · Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/j.mrrev.2003.11.001 · Cited by 1,372 · see citing works
The role of mitochondria in aging
Bratic, A., & Larsson, N.-G. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci64125 · Cited by 1,087 · see citing works
Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is increased in Alzheimer’s disease
Mecocci, P., MacGarvey, U., & Beal, M. F. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360510 · Cited by 1,037 · see citing works
Stein, G. H., Drullinger, L. F., Soulard, A., & Dulić, V. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.3.2109 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Does oxidative damage to DNA increase with age?
Hamilton, M. L., Van Remmen, H., Drake, J. A., Yang, H., Guo, Z. M., Kewitt, K., Walter, C. A., & Richardson, A. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.171202698 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA shows marked age-dependent increases in human brain
Mecocci, P., MacGarvey, U., Kaufman, A. E., Koontz, D., Shoffner, J. M., Wallace, D. C., & Beal, M. F. (1993) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410340416 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Calorie restriction and aging: review of the literature and implications for studies in humans
Heilbronn, L. K., & Ravussin, E. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/78.3.361 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
Drug-induced oxidative stress and toxicity
Deavall, D. G., Martin, E. A., Horner, J. M., & Roberts, R. (2012) · Journal of Toxicology · doi:10.1155/2012/645460 · Cited by 689 · see citing works
Taking a good look at free radicals in the aging process
Hekimi, S., Lapointe, J., & Wen, Y. (2011) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2011.06.008 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in Huntington’s disease
Browne, S. E., Ferrante, R. J., & Beal, M. F. (1999) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.1999.tb00216.x · Cited by 508 · see citing works
Mechanisms and Consequences of Double‐Strand DNA Break Formation in Chromatin
Cannan, W. J., & Pederson, D. S. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25048 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
“Most of these endogenously-generated ROS are neutralized, but enough escape to generate roughly 10,000 oxidative base lesions and another 10,000 base loss events per cell per day (Lindahl and Nyberg, 1972; Fraga et al., 1990 and reviewed in Friedberg et al., 2005).”
BackgroundShields, H. J., Traa, A., & Van Raamsdonk, J. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.628157 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Borgstahl, G. E. O., Parge, H. E., Hickey, M. J., Beyer, W. F., Hallewell, R. A., & Tainer, J. A. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90270-m · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Stowe, D. F., & Camara, A. K. S. (2009) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2008.2331 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Mutagenicity and repair of oxidative DNA damage: insights from studies using defined lesions
Wang, D., Kreutzer, D. A., & Essigmann, J. M. (1998) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(98)00066-9 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Preferential Accumulation of Single-Stranded Regions in Telomeres of Human Fibroblasts
Petersen, S., Saretzki, G., & Zglinicki, T. V. (1998) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1997.3893 · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Huntington's disease: from pathology and genetics to potential therapies
Imarisio, S., Carmichael, J., Korolchuk, V., Chen, C.-W., Saiki, S., Rose, C., Krishna, G., Davies, J. E., Ttofi, E., Underwood, B. R., et al. (2008) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20071619 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The role of DNA damage and repair in aging through the prism of Koch-like criteria
Moskalev, A. A., Shaposhnikov, M. V., Plyusnina, E. N., Zhavoronkov, A., Budovsky, A., Yanai, H., & Fraifeld, V. E. (2013) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2012.02.001 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Kennedy, S. R., Salk, J. J., Schmitt, M. W., & Loeb, L. A. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003794 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Mechanisms that Regulate Stem Cell Aging and Life Span
Signer, R. A. J., & Morrison, S. J. (2013) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2013.01.001 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Oxidative DNA damage and nucleotide excision repair
Melis, J. P. M., van Steeg, H., & Luijten, M. (2013) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2012.5036 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Endogenous oxidative stress: relationship to aging, longevity and caloric restriction
Barja, G. (2002) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s1568-1637(02)00008-9 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Mitochondrial membrane fluidity and oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in aged and AD human brain
Mecocci, P., Beal, M. F., Cecchetti, R., Polidori, M. C., Cherubini, A., Chionne, F., Avellini, L., Romano, G., & Senin, U. (1997) · Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology · doi:10.1007/bf02815160 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors both have protective roles in renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Kakoki, M., McGarrah, R. W., Kim, H.-S., & Smithies, O. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0701617104 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Ahmadi, F., Sadeghi, S., Modarresi, M., Abiri, R., & Mikaeli, A. (2010) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.01.028 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Age-related changes in the function of autophagy in rat kidneys
Cui, J., Bai, X.-Y., Shi, S., Cui, S., Hong, Q., Cai, G., & Chen, X. (2012) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-011-9237-1 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and c-Abl signaling: At the crossroad in neurodegenerative diseases?
Gonfloni, S., Maiani, E., Di Bartolomeo, C., Diederich, M., & Cesareni, G. (2012) · International Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1155/2012/683097 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Beier, K., Völkl, A., & Fahimi, H. D. (1993) · Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology · doi:10.1007/bf02899254 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Tissue Microenvironments within Functional Cortical Subdivisions Adjacent to Focal Stroke
Katsman, D., Zheng, J., Spinelli, K., & Carmichael, S. T. (2003) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000084252.20114.be · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kassam, S. N., & Rainbow, A. J. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.005 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Measurement of oxidatively generated base damage to nucleic acids in cells: facts and artifacts
Cadet, J., Douki, T., Ravanat, J.-L., & Wagner, J. R. (2012) · Bioanalytical Reviews · doi:10.1007/s12566-012-0029-6 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Doulias, P.-T., Vlachou, C., Boudouri, C., Kanavaros, P., Siamopoulos, K. C., & Galaris, D. (2008) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715760801911649 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kiel, C., Prins, S., Foss, A. J. E., & Luthert, P. J. (2025) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0311169 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fraga, C. G., Shigenaga, M. K., Park, J. W., Degan, P., & Ames, B. N.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1990-06
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4533-4537
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC54150
- OpenAlex
- W2087249338
- Cited by
- 1,106
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 23.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r35ca039910-14)
- National Institute on Aging (AG 05489-01)
- National Cancer Institute (CA399 10)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES01896, P30ES001896)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- oxidative DNA damage, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, aging, 8-oxoguanine, urinary excretion, DNA nuclease activity, DNA repair, liver, kidney, intestine, F344 rats, age-related degenerative diseases
- MeSH terms
- 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine, Aging, Animals, Deoxyguanosine, DNA, DNA Damage, Guanine, Male, Organ Specificity, Oxidation-Reduction, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
