The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nanoparticle and Nanostructure Synthesis and Controlled Growth Methods
Open accessAbstract
Nanomaterials are materials with one or more nanoscale dimensions (internal or external) (i.e., 1 to 100 nm). The nanomaterial shape, size, porosity, surface chemistry, and composition are controlled at the nanoscale, and this offers interesting properties compared with bulk materials. This review describes how nanomaterials are classified, their fabrication, functionalization techniques, and growth-controlled mechanisms. First, the history of nanomaterials is summarized and then the different classification methods, based on their dimensionality (0–3D), composition (carbon, inorganic, organic, and hybrids), origin (natural, incidental, engineered, bioinspired), crystal phase (single phase, multiphase), and dispersion state (dispersed or aggregated), are presented. Then, the synthesis methods are discussed and classified in function of the starting material (bottom-up and top-down), reaction phase (gas, plasma, liquid, and solid), and nature of the dispersing forces (mechanical, physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological). Finally, the challenges in synthesizing nanomaterials for research and commercial use are highlighted.
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Cites
Freeze-drying of nanoparticles: Formulation, process and storage considerations
ABDELWAHED, W., DEGOBERT, G., STAINMESSE, S., & FESSI, H. (2006) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2006.09.017 · Cited by 1,611
Inorganic nanomaterials with rapid clearance for biomedical applications
Wang, X., Zhong, X., Li, J., Liu, Z., & Cheng, L. (2021) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs00461h · Cited by 509
In situ study of nucleation and aggregation phases for nanoparticles grown by laser-driven methods
Barberio, M., & Antici, P. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep41372 · Cited by 28
Gamma-radiation induced synthesis of freestanding nickel nanoparticles
Yang, Y., Johansson, M., Wiorek, A., Tarakina, N. V., Sayed, F., Mathieu, R., Jonsson, M., & Soroka, I. L. (2021) · Dalton Transactions · doi:10.1039/d0dt03223a · Cited by 26
Cited by
Kirubakaran, D., Wahid, J. B. A., Karmegam, N., Jeevika, R., Sellapillai, L., Rajkumar, M., & SenthilKumar, K. J. (2026) · Biomedical Materials & Devices · doi:10.1007/s44174-025-00295-4 · Cited by 281
Biosynthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Phytochemical Compounds
Zuhrotun, A., Oktaviani, D. J., & Hasanah, A. N. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28073240 · Cited by 281
Metadata
- Authors
- Harish, V., Ansari, M. M., Tewari, D., Gaur, M., Yadav, A. B., García-Betancourt, M.-L., Abdel-Haleem, F. M., Bechelany, M., & Barhoum, A.
- Venue
- Nanomaterials
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-09-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 3226
- ISSN
- 2079-4991 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4296351511
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 16.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Harish, V., Ansari, M. M., Tewari, D., Gaur, M., Yadav, A. B., García-Betancourt, M.-L., Abdel-Haleem, F. M., Bechelany, M., & Barhoum, A. (2022). Nanoparticle and Nanostructure Synthesis and Controlled Growth Methods. Nanomaterials. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12183226
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