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Dietary Change during Pregnancy and Women’s Reasons for Change
Open accessAbstract
Women often make dietary changes during pregnancy; however, dietary modifications and reasons for changes are not well studied. We aimed to describe the dietary changes made during pregnancy, describe reasons for dietary changes, and determine what changes aligned with recommendations. Pregnant women (n = 379) recruited to the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study in 2009/2010 completed a questionnaire in which they described dietary changes made during pregnancy and reasons for those changes. Changes and reasons were coded into categories. Women commonly reported increasing their intake of milk products, fruit, and sweet items and commonly decreased or eliminated intake of caffeine, alcohol, and meats. Women frequently reduced intake of foods for the baby’s health and increased foods to satisfy cravings. Changes made commonly aligned with recommendations for caffeine, alcohol intake, food safety, milk and alternatives, and fruit. Changes contrary to recommendations were common for fish and meats. The dietary changes women make during pregnancy appear to reflect women’s efforts to balance physiological changes accompanying pregnancy with the desire for healthy pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the reasons behind dietary change during pregnancy will help researchers and health professionals design effective strategies and public health messages to promote healthier pregnancies.
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“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The nausea experienced by between 60% and 80% of women can influence food choices and the majority of women report changes in preferences for certain foodstuffs and beverages.”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Forbes, L. E., Graham, J. E., Berglund, C., & Bell, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Guelph (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Forbes, Laura E.
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-08-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1032
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6115730
- OpenAlex
- W2886603356
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 15.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Alberta Innovates
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- pregnant women, maternal diet, food cravings, caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption, dairy consumption, fruit consumption, food safety, dietary recommendations, prenatal nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Maternal Health, Diet, Healthy, Adolescent, Adult, Alberta, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Nutritive Value, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Health Behavior, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Young Adult, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Protective Factors
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