The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dietary Change during Pregnancy and Women’s Reasons for Change
Open accessAbstract
Women often make dietary changes during pregnancy; however, dietary modifications and reasons for changes are not well studied. We aimed to describe the dietary changes made during pregnancy, describe reasons for dietary changes, and determine what changes aligned with recommendations. Pregnant women (n = 379) recruited to the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study in 2009/2010 completed a questionnaire in which they described dietary changes made during pregnancy and reasons for those changes. Changes and reasons were coded into categories. Women commonly reported increasing their intake of milk products, fruit, and sweet items and commonly decreased or eliminated intake of caffeine, alcohol, and meats. Women frequently reduced intake of foods for the baby’s health and increased foods to satisfy cravings. Changes made commonly aligned with recommendations for caffeine, alcohol intake, food safety, milk and alternatives, and fruit. Changes contrary to recommendations were common for fish and meats. The dietary changes women make during pregnancy appear to reflect women’s efforts to balance physiological changes accompanying pregnancy with the desire for healthy pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the reasons behind dietary change during pregnancy will help researchers and health professionals design effective strategies and public health messages to promote healthier pregnancies.
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“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The nausea experienced by between 60% and 80% of women can influence food choices and the majority of women report changes in preferences for certain foodstuffs and beverages.”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Caffeine‐based drinks, eggs, fish, meat and fatty foods are commonly avoided, whereas intakes of carbohydrate‐rich foods tend to increase in the first trimester. Sweets, biscuits, chocolate and cakes are widely favoured, along with fruit and fruit juices. 105 , 106”
From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [106]
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Citations
Cites
Does social class predict diet quality?
Darmon, N., & Drewnowski, A. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1107 · Cited by 2,250
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Women’s Dietary Patterns Change Little from Before to During Pregnancy , ,
Crozier, S., Robinson, S. M., Godfrey, K. M., Cooper, C. C., & Inskip, H. M. (2009) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.109.109579 · Cited by 358
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Changes in dietary intake from the first to the second trimester of pregnancy
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Han, Z., Lutsiv, O., Mulla, S. M., ROSEN, A., Beyene, J., McDonald, S. D., & on behalf of the Knowledge Synthesis Group (2011) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01185.x · Cited by 187
The Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) cohort study: rationale and methods
Kaplan, B. J., Giesbrecht, G. F., Leung, B. M. Y., Field, C. J., Dewey, D., Bell, R. C., Manca, D. P., O’Beirne, M., Johnston, D. W., Pop, V. J. M., et al. (2012) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/j.1740-8709.2012.00433.x · Cited by 174
Self-citationDietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy
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Dietary cravings and aversions during pregnancy.
Wijewardene, K., Fonseka, P., & Goonaratne, C. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 151
Maternal diet in early and late pregnancy in relation to weight gain
Ólafsdóttir, A. S., Skúladóttir, G. V., Þórsdóttir, I., Hauksson, A., & Steingrímsdóttir, L. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803184 · Cited by 150
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Langley‐Evans, S. C., Pearce, J., & Ellis, S. (2022) · Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1111/jhn.12999 · Cited by 288
The immune system and microbiome in pregnancy
Fuhler, G. M. (2020) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/j.bpg.2020.101671 · Cited by 137
A systematic review of the determinants of seafood consumption
Govzman, S., Looby, S., Wang, X., Butler, F., Gibney, E. R., & Timon, C. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520003773 · Cited by 115
Tahir, M. J., Haapala, J. L., Foster, L., Duncan, K. M., Teague, A. M., Kharbanda, E. O., McGovern, P. M., Whitaker, K. M., Rasmussen, K. M., Fields, D. A., et al. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030632 · Cited by 104
Cardiovascular Health Among Pregnant Women, Aged 20 to 44 Years, in the United States
Perak, A. M., Ning, H., Khan, S. S., Horn, L. V., Grobman, W. A., & Lloyd‐Jones, D. M. (2020) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.119.015123 · Cited by 85
Metadata
- Authors
- Forbes, L. E., Graham, J. E., Berglund, C., & Bell, R. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Guelph (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Forbes, Laura E.
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-08-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1032
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6115730
- OpenAlex
- W2886603356
- Cited by
- 203
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 15.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Alberta Innovates
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- pregnant women, maternal diet, food cravings, caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption, dairy consumption, fruit consumption, food safety, dietary recommendations, prenatal nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Maternal Health, Diet, Healthy, Adolescent, Adult, Alberta, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Nutritive Value, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Health Behavior, Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Young Adult, Recommended Dietary Allowances, Protective Factors
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