Cited by 111Nutritional Studies and DietMental Health Research TopicsNutrition, Health and Food Behavior

A Systematic Review of Ecological Momentary Assessment of Diet: Implications and Perspectives for Nutritional Epidemiology

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Maugeri, Andrea, Barchitta, Martina·2019·Nutrients

Abstract

The ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of eating behaviors represents an innovative, detailed and valid approach to capture the complexity of food intake and to overcome limitations of traditional dietary assessment methods. Moreover, EMA studies might generate a large variety of data (e.g., dietary, behavioral, physical, sociopsychological, and contextual information), thereby enabling to examine concurrent exposures and events. Due to the increasing number of studies in this field of research, here we systematically reviewed EMA methods for the assessment of dietary intake in epidemiological studies, and discussed implications and perspectives for future research. Our study summarized several protocols and platforms that may be applied to assess diet in terms of eating frequency, choices, and habits. Nearly 38% of studies used an event-contingent strategy by asking participants to report foods and beverages consumed in real-time at each eating occasion. Instead, approximately 55% of studies used a signal-contingent prompting approach that notified the participants to record their dietary consumption. The remaining studies used a combination of event- and signal-contingent protocols to compare their accuracy or to improve the assessment of dietary data. Although both approaches might improve the accuracy and ecological validity of dietary assessment—also reducing the burden for participants—some limitations should nevertheless be considered. Despite these limitations, our systematic review pointed out that EMA can be applied in various fields of nutritional epidemiology, from the identification of determinants of dietary habits in healthy people to the management of patients with eating or metabolic disorders. However, more efforts should be encouraged to improve the validity and the reliability of EMA and to provide further technological innovations for public health research and interventions.

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  • Triangulating dietary data with data from wearable tech, mobile apps, school canteen sales data, ecological momentary assessment, direct observation, and proxy reports can provide insights into behaviour changes.

    “Triangulating this data with data from wearable tech, mobile apps, and school canteen sales data, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) for real-time data collection, direct observation of adolescents’ eating behaviours, and proxy reports from family members can provide insights into behaviour changes [70–76].”

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Authors
Maugeri, A., & Barchitta, M.
Affiliations
University of Catania (IT)
Corresponding author
Barchitta, Martina
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-11-07
Volume
11
Issue
11
Pages
2696
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2987569335
Cited by
111
References
81
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1
FWCI
1.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Università di Catania
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Keywords
ecological momentary assessment, dietary assessment, dietary habits, meal frequency, nutritional epidemiology, eating disorders, metabolic disorders
MeSH terms
Ecological Momentary Assessment, Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Diet, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Pregnancy, Nutrition Assessment, Young Adult

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