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Impact of Vitamin D on Physical Efficiency and Exercise Performance—A Review
Open accessAbstract
Vitamin D deficiency amongst athletes and the general population seems to be a prominent problem. The most recognized role of vitamin D is its regulation of calcium homeostasis; there is a strong relationship between vitamin D and bone health. Moreover, its concentrations are associated with muscle function and immune response in both the general and athletic populations. Vitamin D level is strongly connected with the presence of VDRs (vitamin D receptors) in most human extraskeletal cells. Expression of multiple myogenic transcription factors enhancing muscle cell proliferation and differentiation is caused by an exposure of skeletal muscles to vitamin D. The aim of this review is to summarize current understanding of the significance of vitamin D on exercise performance and physical efficiency, as well to analyze the impact of vitamin D on multiple potential mechanisms. More high-quality research studies, considering free 25(OH)D as a better marker of vitamin D status, the baseline level of 25(OH)D and multiple pathways of vitamin D acting and usage in athletes are required.
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“It has been proven that vitamin D deficiency significantly affects the functioning of the immune, endocrine and skeletal-muscle systems [6].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Both of them are associated with muscle mass, strength and power [6,25].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“The primary source of vitamin D, over 90%, is skin synthesis during exposure to solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation [6].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Vitamin D induces myogenesis and muscle protein synthesis causing increases in fast-twitch muscle cells [1,6,26].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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“Higher testosterone secretion increases intramuscular protein synthesis, which was observed after vitamin D supplementation (muscle mass: 40.25 ± 3.4 vs. 44.15 ± 4.5 kg) in the EG, and indirectly influences 5 m ST results (1.09 ± 0.04 vs. 1.04 ± 0.05) [6,25].”
From Influence of Sunlight and Oral D3 Supplementation on Serum 25(OH)D Concentration and Exercise Performance in Elite Soccer Players (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
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Cites
Intermittent Fasting in Cardiovascular Disorders—An Overview
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Self-citationPrevalence of vitamin D inadequacy in athletes: a systematic-review and meta-analysis
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New strategies in sport nutrition to increase exercise performance
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Vitamin D and the athlete: emerging insights
Owens, D. J., Fraser, W. D., & Close, G. L. (2015) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2014.944223 · Cited by 81
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Michalczyk, M. M., Gołaś, A., Maszczyk, A., Kaczka, P., & Zając, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051311 · Cited by 39
Metadata
- Authors
- Wiciński, M., Adamkiewicz, D., Adamkiewicz, M., Śniegocki, M., Podhorecka, M., Szychta, P., & Malinowski, B.
- Affiliations
- Nicolaus Copernicus University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Wiciński, Michał
- Adamkiewicz, Dawid
- Malinowski, Bartosz
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-11-19
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2826
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6893541
- OpenAlex
- W2989239871
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Keywords
- vitamin D, vitamin D deficiency, exercise performance, physical efficiency, athletes, vitamin D receptor, muscle function, calcium homeostasis, bone health, immune response, myogenic transcription factors, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D status biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Muscle Contraction, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Signal Transduction, Exercise, Receptors, Calcitriol, Muscle, Skeletal, Athletic Performance
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