Assessment of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Profiles in Saliva and Serum in Patients with Periodontitis and Ischemic Heart Disease
Open accessAbstract
Vitamin C and antioxidants play a crucial role in endothelial function and may be a link for the known interaction of periodontitis and ischemic heart disease (CAD). This pilot study evaluates the association of gingival health, periodontitis, CAD, or both conditions with salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidant levels. The clinical and periodontal characteristics, serum, and saliva samples were collected from 36 patients with periodontitis, 35 patients with CAD, 36 patients with periodontitis plus CAD, and 36 healthy controls. Levels of vitamin C, antioxidants, and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were assessed with a commercially available kit. The median concentrations of salivary and serum vitamin C and antioxidants (α-tocopherol, β-carotene, lutein, and lycopene) were significantly lower in the CAD group (p < 0.001) and in the periodontitis plus CAD group (p < 0.001) compared to periodontitis patients and controls. In univariate models, periodontitis (p = 0.034), CAD (p < 0.001), and hs-CRP (p < 0.001) were significantly negatively associated with serum vitamin C; whereas, in a multivariate model, only hs-CRP remained a significant predictor of serum vitamin C (p < 0.001). In a multivariate model, the significant predictors of salivary vitamin C levels were triglycerides (p = 0.028) and hs-CRP (p < 0.001). Patients with CAD and periodontitis plus CAD presented lower levels of salivary and serum vitamin C compared to healthy subjects and periodontitis patients. hs-CRP was a significant predictor of decreased salivary and serum vitamin C levels.
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Regardless of oral hygiene, vitamin C reduction induces gingival bleeding.
“Therefore, regardless of oral hygiene, vitamin C reduction induces gingival bleeding [106,107].”
From A Cross-Talk between Diet and the Oral Microbiome: Balance of Nutrition on Inflammation and Immune System’s Response during Periodontitis (2022) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Isola, G., Polizzi, A., Muraglie, S., Leonardi, R., & Lo Giudice, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Catania (IT)
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95124 Catania, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Isola, Gaetano
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-12-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2956
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6950653
- OpenAlex
- W2991831346
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 17.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- Keywords
- vitamin C, antioxidants, periodontitis, ischemic heart disease, coronary artery disease, salivary biomarkers, serum biomarkers, C-reactive protein, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, triglycerides, endothelial function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Humans, Middle Aged, Periodontitis, Saliva, Case-Control Studies, Myocardial Ischemia
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