Effectiveness of a Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Testicular Function in Overweight/Obese Men
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity has become an increasingly worrisome reality. A very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) represents a promising option by which to achieve significant weight loss. This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of VLCKD on metabolic parameters and hormonal profiles of obese male patients. METHODS: We enrolled 40 overweight/obese men who consumed VLCKD for at least eight weeks. Body weight, waist circumference, fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, creatinine, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, vitamin D, luteinizing hormone (LH), total testosterone (TT), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were calculated before and after VLCKD consumption. We additionally determined the homeostasis model assessment index and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) values. RESULTS: After VLCKD (13.5 ± 0.83 weeks), the mean body weight loss was 21.05 ± 1.44 kg; the glucose homeostasis and lipid profile were improved significantly; serum vitamin D, LH, and TT levels were increased and the PSA levels were decreased significantly as compared with pretreatment values. These results are of interest since obesity can lead to hypogonadism and in turn, testosterone deficiency is associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, a close relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and/or hyperinsulinemia and increased prostate volume has been reported, with a consequent greater risk of developing lower urinary tract symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: VLCKD is an effective tool against obesity and could be a noninvasive, rapid, and valid means to treat obese patients with metabolic hypogonadism and lower urinary tract symptoms.
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Several studies with a very low-calorie ketogenic diet showed a positive effect of this diet on body mass index, glycemic control and insulin resistance.
“Several studies with a very low-calorie ketogenic diet showed a positive effect of this diet on body mass index, glycemic control and insulin resistance.”
From Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Mongioì, L. M., Cimino, L., Condorelli, R. A., Magagnini, M. C., Barbagallo, F., Cannarella, R., La Vignera, S., & Calogero, A. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Catania (IT)
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Condorelli, Rosita A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-09-28
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2967
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7600614
- OpenAlex
- W3089062989
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (2017XLFJAX)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Keywords
- very low-calorie ketogenic diet, obesity, overweight men, testicular function, testosterone, luteinizing hormone, hypogonadism, weight loss, insulin resistance, glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, vitamin D, prostate-specific antigen, lower urinary tract symptoms, metabolic syndrome
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Weight, Humans, Hypogonadism, Luteinizing Hormone, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Prostatic Diseases, Testicular Diseases, Testis, Testosterone, Biomarkers, Treatment Outcome, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Caloric Restriction, Overweight, Waist Circumference, Diet, Ketogenic, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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