Cited by 564Gut microbiota and healthOral microbiology and periodontitis researchProbiotics and Fermented Foods

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The Gut Microbiome, Aging, and Longevity: A Systematic Review

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Badal, Varsha D., Vaccariello, Eleonora D., Murray, Emily R., Yu, Kasey E., Knight, Rob, Jeste, Dilip V., Nguyen, Tanya T.·2020·Nutrients

DOI 10.3390/nu12123759PMC PMC7762384

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Abstract

Aging is determined by complex interactions among genetic and environmental factors. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome lies at the core of many age-associated changes, including immune system dysregulation and susceptibility to diseases. The gut microbiota undergoes extensive changes across the lifespan, and age-related processes may influence the gut microbiota and its related metabolic alterations. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the current literature on aging-associated alterations in diversity, composition, and functional features of the gut microbiota. We identified 27 empirical human studies of normal and successful aging suitable for inclusion. Alpha diversity of microbial taxa, functional pathways, and metabolites was higher in older adults, particularly among the oldest-old adults, compared to younger individuals. Beta diversity distances significantly differed across various developmental stages and were different even between oldest-old and younger-old adults. Differences in taxonomic composition and functional potential varied across studies, but Akkermansia was most consistently reported to be relatively more abundant with aging, whereas Faecalibacterium, Bacteroidaceae, and Lachnospiraceae were relatively reduced. Older adults have reduced pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid synthesis; however, oldest-old adults exhibited functional differences that distinguished their microbiota from that of young-old adults, such as greater potential for short-chain fatty acid production and increased butyrate derivatives. Although a definitive interpretation is limited by the cross-sectional design of published reports, we integrated findings of microbial composition and downstream functional pathways and metabolites, offering possible explanations regarding age-related processes.

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Authors: Badal, V. D., Vaccariello, E. D., Murray, E. R., Yu, K. E., Knight, R., Jeste, D. V., & Nguyen, T. T.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Nguyen, Tanya T.
ORCID: Badal, Varsha D.
Murray, Emily R.
Yu, Kasey E.
Knight, Rob
Jeste, Dilip V.
Nguyen, Tanya T.
Venue: Nutrients
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-12-07
Volume: 12
Issue: 12
Pages: 3759
ISSN: 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/nu12123759
PMC: PMC7762384
OpenAlex: W3110715890
Cited by: 551
References: 91
Citations by year: 2026: 108 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 29
FWCI: 4.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH118435-01A1, 5T32 MH019934-24)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Keywords: gut microbiota, aging, longevity, oldest old, microbial diversity, Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, short-chain fatty acids, butyrate, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, immune dysregulation
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Amino Acids, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feces, Female, Humans, Longevity, Male, Middle Aged, Protein Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Carbohydrate Metabolism

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