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Caffeine as a factor influencing the functioning of the human body-friend or foe?
Open accessAbstract
Nowadays, caffeine is one of the most commonly consumed substances, which presents in many plants and products. It has both positive and negative effects on the human body, and its activity concerns a variety of systems including the central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, etc. These effects are dependent on quantity, the type of product in which caffeine is contained, and also on the individual differences among people (sex, age, diet etc.). The main aim of this review was to collect, present, and analyze the available information including the latest discoveries on the impact of caffeine on human health and the functioning of human body systems, taking into account the role of caffeine in individual disease entities. We present both the positive and negative sides of caffeine consumption and the healing properties of this purine alkaloid in diseases such as asthma, Parkinson's disease, and others, not forgetting about the negative effects of excess caffeine (e.g., in people with hypertension, children, adolescents, and the elderly). In summary, we can conclude, however, that caffeine has a multi-directional influence on various organs of the human body, and because of its anti-oxidative properties, it was, and still is, an interesting topic for research studies including those aimed at developing new therapeutic strategies.
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“These fi ndings suggest the cut-off time for doses of caffeine contained in a standard cup of coffee or a standard serve of pre-workout supplement occur substantially earlier than anecdotally expected, and well before timings based on the typical half-life of three to six h [18,86,87].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [86]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rodak, K., Kokot, I., & Kratz, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Wroclaw Medical University (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Rodak, Kamil
- Kratz, Ewa Maria
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-09-02
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3088
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8467199
- OpenAlex
- W3198497028
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 205
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 15
- FWCI
- 3.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Tea Polyphenols and Effects
- Keywords
- caffeine, purine alkaloids, caffeine consumption, health effects of caffeine, central nervous system, immune system, digestive system, respiratory system, urinary tract, asthma, Parkinson's disease, hypertension, children and adolescents, older adults, antioxidant activity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Analgesics, Animals, Antioxidants, Mental Disorders, Caffeine, Cardiovascular System, Child, Digestive System, Humans, Immune System, Respiratory System, Urinary Tract, Receptors, Purinergic P1, Neurodegenerative Diseases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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