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Cited by 38Vitamin D Research StudiesCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesSARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 52 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 2 are not checked yet.

Preventive Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk for COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Open access
Sartini, Marina, Del Puente, Filippo, Oliva, Martino, Carbone, Alessio, Bobbio, Nicoletta, Schinca, Elisa, Giribone, Luana, Cristina, Maria Luisa·2024·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu16050679PMC PMC10935157
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Abstract

Over the past few decades, vitamin D has been found to play a crucial role in bone homeostasis, muscle function, oncogenesis, immune response and metabolism. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous researchers have tried to determine the role vitamin D might play in the immune response to the virus. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to demonstrate that preventive vitamin D supplementation can play a protective role in the incidence of COVID-19, mortality and admission to intensive care units (ICUs). A comprehensive search on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases was performed on 15 May 2023, and two of the authors independently screened the literature. As effect measures, we calculated the Odds Ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (ICs). The assessment of potential bias and the evaluation of study quality will be conducted independently by two researchers. Sixteen publications were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Our findings indicate that vitamin D supplementation has a protective effect against the incidence of COVID-19 in RCT studies (OR 0.403, 95% IC 0.218, 0.747), in the incidence of COVID-19 in analytical studies (OR = 0.592, 95% IC 0.476–0.736) and in ICU admission (OR 0.317, 95% IC 0.147–0.680). Subsequent analyses were conducted by type of subject treated (patient/healthcare workers) and type of supplementation (vitamin D vs. placebo/no treatment or high dose vs. low dose). Our meta-analysis suggests a definitive and significant association between the protective role of vitamin D and COVID-19 incidence and ICU admission.

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Figures

Figure 1 PRISMA 2020 flow diagram of study selection, inclusion and synthesis [18].
Figure 1 PRISMA 2020 flow diagram of study selection, inclusion and synthesis [18].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Forest plot of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted separately on healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients, as well as collectively [23,25,28,29,35,36].
Figure 2 Forest plot of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted separately on healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients, as well as collectively [23,25,28,29,35,36].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Forest plot of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing vitamin D supplementation to no supplementation [23,28,29,36].
Figure 3 Forest plot of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing vitamin D supplementation to no supplementation [23,28,29,36].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Forest plot demonstrating ability of vitamin D supplementation to reduce ICU admission [22,27,31].
Figure 4 Forest plot demonstrating ability of vitamin D supplementation to reduce ICU admission [22,27,31].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Show all 51 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2011). Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D, The National Academies Press.
  2. Ross, A.C., Caballero, B., Cousins, R.J., Tucker, K.L., and Ziegler, T.R. (2014). Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. [11th ed.].
  3. Sartini, M., Del Puente, F., Carbone, A., and Oliva, M. (2023). Preventive Vitamin D Supplementation and Risk for COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PROSPERO, CRD42023469817.

Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Sartini, M., Del Puente, F., Oliva, M., Carbone, A., Bobbio, N., Schinca, E., Giribone, L., & Cristina, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Ente Ospedaliero Ospedali Galliera (IT)
  • Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, 16128 Genoa, Italy
  • University of Genoa (IT)
Corresponding author
Sartini, Marina
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-02-28
Volume
16
Issue
5
Pages
679
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu16050679
PMC
PMC10935157
OpenAlex
W4392241458
Cited by
38
References
51
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11
FWCI
2.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • CINECA IRIS Institutial Research Information System (University of Genoa) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Keywords
vitamin D supplementation, COVID-19 pandemic, preventive supplementation, COVID-19 incidence, intensive care unit admission, COVID-19 mortality, immune response, healthcare workers, vitamin D dose
MeSH terms
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency, Vitamins, Incidence, Dietary Supplements, Pandemics

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.