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Cited by 61Retinal Development and DisordersRetinoids in leukemia and cellular processesRetinal Diseases and Treatments

Retinol Dehydrogenases Regulate Vitamin A Metabolism for Visual Function

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Sahu, Bhubanananda, Maeda, Akiko·2016·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu8110746PMC PMC5133129
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Abstract

The visual system produces visual chromophore, 11-cis-retinal from dietary vitamin A, all-trans-retinol making this vitamin essential for retinal health and function. These metabolic events are mediated by a sequential biochemical process called the visual cycle. Retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) are responsible for two reactions in the visual cycle performed in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells, photoreceptor cells and Müller cells in the retina. RDHs in the RPE function as 11-cis-RDHs, which oxidize 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal in vivo. RDHs in rod photoreceptor cells in the retina work as all-trans-RDHs, which reduce all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol. Dysfunction of RDHs can cause inherited retinal diseases in humans. To facilitate further understanding of human diseases, mouse models of RDHs-related diseases have been carefully examined and have revealed the physiological contribution of specific RDHs to visual cycle function and overall retinal health. Herein we describe the function of RDHs in the RPE and the retina, particularly in rod photoreceptor cells, their regulatory properties for retinoid homeostasis and future therapeutic strategy for treatment of retinal diseases.

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  • A second, cone visual cycle occurs in Müller cells and serves cones with fast recycling necessary for their rapid dark adaptation and function in constant and bright illumination.

    “There is a second, so called cone visual cycle, that occurs in the Müller cells. It serves cones with fast recycling, necessary for their rapid dark adaptation and function in constant and bright illumination [29,47,59,60,61,62].”

    From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [60]

    The Introduction and Section 2 describe a cone visual cycle involving Müller cells, rapid chromophore production, and daytime vision; Section 2 also reports a much higher chromophore-supply rate than in the rod cycle. The copy does not link this cycle specifically to rapid dark adaptation or state that it enables cone function in constant and bright illumination. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • RDH8 contributes approximately 70% and RDH12 approximately 30% of all-trans-RDH activity.

    “RDH8 contributes to approximately 70% and RDH12 to approximately 30% of all-trans-RDH activity.”

    From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [60]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Sahu, B., & Maeda, A.
Affiliations
Case Western Reserve University (US)
Corresponding author
Maeda, Akiko
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2016-11-22
Volume
8
Issue
11
Pages
746
ISSN
2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/nu8110746
PMC
PMC5133129
OpenAlex
W2550861594
Cited by
61
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5
FWCI
0.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Research to Prevent Blindness
  • Ohio Lions Eye Research Foundation
  • National Eye Institute (R01EY022658, R24EY021126, P30EY011373)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Keywords
retinol dehydrogenase, vitamin A metabolism, visual cycle, 11-cis-retinal, all-trans-retinol, retinal pigment epithelium, rod photoreceptors, Müller cells, retinoid homeostasis, inherited retinal disease, mouse model, retinal health, visual function
MeSH terms
Alcohol Oxidoreductases, Animals, Humans, Mutation, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenotype, Retinal Diseases, Retinaldehyde, Vision, Ocular, Vitamin A, Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Retinal Pigment Epithelium, Ependymoglial Cells

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