The DOI matches its Crossref record; 220 of the 222 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Carbohydrate Immune Adjuvants in Subunit Vaccines
Open accessAbstract
Modern subunit vaccines are composed of antigens and a delivery system and/or adjuvant (immune stimulator) that triggers the desired immune responses. Adjuvants mimic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are typically associated with infections. Carbohydrates displayed on the surface of pathogens are often recognized as PAMPs by receptors on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Consequently, carbohydrates and their analogues have been used as adjuvants and delivery systems to promote antigen transport to APCs. Carbohydrates are biocompatible, usually nontoxic, biodegradable, and some are mucoadhesive. As such, carbohydrates and their derivatives have been intensively explored for the development of new adjuvants. This review assesses the immunological functions of carbohydrate ligands and their ability to enhance systemic and mucosal immune responses against co-administered antigens. The role of carbohydrate-based adjuvants/delivery systems in the development of subunit vaccines is discussed in detail.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“As for anticancer vaccines, carbohydrates also play a twofold key role for antimicrobial vaccines, providing the specificity of the immune response against pathogen and immunogenicity [269].”
From GANAB and N-Glycans Substrates Are Relevant in Human Physiology, Polycystic Pathology and Multiple Sclerosis: A Review (2022) · cites this paper as [269]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–220 of 220
Zhang, G., Jia, P., Liu, H., Hu, T., & Du, Y. (2018) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.012 · Cited by 20
Kottom, T. J., Hebrink, D. M., Monteiro, J. T., Lepenies, B., Carmona, E. M., Wüthrich, M., Dias, L. D. S., & LIMPER, A. H. (2019) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.001062 · Cited by 20
Oral absorption enhancement of dipeptide L ‐Glu‐ L ‐Trp‐OH by lipid and glycosyl conjugation
Bergeon, J. A., Chan, Y., Charles, B. G., & Tóth, I. (2008) · Biopolymers · doi:10.1002/bip.21003 · Cited by 17
Lipid and carbohydrate based adjuvant/carriers in immunology
McGeary, R. P., Olive, C., & Tóth, I. (2003) · Journal of Peptide Science · doi:10.1002/psc.467 · Cited by 17
Structural Aspects of Carbohydrate Recognition Mechanisms of C-Type Lectins
Nagae, M., & Yamaguchi, Y. (2019) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2019_181 · Cited by 17
Korsholm, K. S., Karlsson, I., Tang, S. T., Brandt, L., Agger, E. M., Aagaard, C., Andersen, P. L., & Fomsgaard, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063575 · Cited by 16
Efficient Mucosal Immunization by Mucoadhesive and pH-Sensitive Polymeric Vaccine Delivery System
Xing, L., Zhou, T., Fan, Y., He, Y., Pang, T., Cho, K., Lu, J., Jiang, H., & Cho, C. (2018) · Macromolecular Research · doi:10.1007/s13233-019-7042-3 · Cited by 14
Heidari, A. R., Boroumand‐Noughabi, S., Nosratabadi, R., Arab, F. L., Tabasi, N. S., Rastin, M., & Mahmoudi, M. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.01.025 · Cited by 14
Lee, Y., Ko, E., Kim, K., Lee, Y., Hwang, H. S., Kwon, Y., Graham, B. S., & Kang, S. (2019) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2019.05.010 · Cited by 13
Jin, J., Peng, W. L., Tang, S. Q., Rong, M. Z., & Zhang, M. Q. (2018) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c8tb02129e · Cited by 12
Heterogeneity of lipid A: comparison of lipid A types from different gram-negative bacteria
Mattsby‐Baltzer, I., Gemski, P., & Alving, C. R. (1984) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.159.3.900-904.1984 · Cited by 11
Biopolymer‐based Carriers for DNA Vaccine Design
Franck, C. O., Fanslau, L., Bistrović, A., Tyagi, P., & Fruk, L. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202010282 · Cited by 10
Zhou, C. J., Chen, J., Hou, J. B., Zheng, Y., Yu, Y. N., He, H., Zhang, Y. P., Feng, X., & Zheng, Q. (2018) · Protein and Peptide Letters · doi:10.2174/0929866525666180917160926 · Cited by 9
Biodegradable Polymeric Nanocarrier-Based Immunotherapy in Hepatitis Vaccination
Hong, S. J., Ahn, M. H., Lee, Y., Pal, S., Sangshetti, J. N., & Arote, R. B. (2018) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0950-2_16 · Cited by 8
Wu, Y., Yan, C., He, J., Xiong, W., Wu, S., Liu, S., & Cai, Z. (2018) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b02264 · Cited by 8
Mucosal Vaccine Delivery and M Cell Targeting
Gupta, P. N. (2014) · Advances in delivery science and technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_9 · Cited by 6
Carbohydrates in Vaccine Development
Aljohani, S., Hussein, W. M., Tóth, I., & Simerská, P. (2019) · Current Drug Delivery · doi:10.2174/1567201816666190702153612 · Cited by 6
Oral Macrophage Mediated Gene Delivery System
Ostroff, G. R., & Soto, E. R. (2007) · TechConnect Briefs · Cited by 5
Vaccines for Selective Induction of Th1- and Th2-Cell Responses and Their Roles in Mucosal Immunity
Marinaro, M., Kiyono, H., VanCott, J. L., Okahashi, N., van Ginkel, F. W., Pascual, D. W., Ban, E., Jackson, R. J., Staats, H. F., & McGhee, J. R. (1996) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012394330-9/50035-1 · Cited by 4
Garrett‐Sinha, L. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77674-3_3 · Cited by 1
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 222 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Kumar, 2012, Needle free injection systems, J. Pharm. Innov., 1, 57
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bojarska, J., Mieczkowski, A., Ziora, Z. M., Skwarczyński, M., Tóth, I., Shalash, A. O., Parang, K., El-Mowafi, S. A., Mohammed, E. H. M., Elnagdy, S. M., et al. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11101515 · Cited by 133
Chemical Conjugation Strategies for the Development of Protein-Based Subunit Nanovaccines
Lu, L., Duong, V. T., Shalash, A. O., Skwarczyński, M., & Tóth, I. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9060563 · Cited by 105
Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications
Park, J.-W., Choi, J., Kim, D., Lee, S., Lee, B., Lee, Y., Kim, S., Kwon, S., Noh, M., Lee, M., et al. (2021) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2021.107 · Cited by 86
Mallakpour, S. E., Azadi, E., & Hussain, C. M. (2021) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.155 · Cited by 78
Modified chitosan: Insight on biomedical and industrial applications
Edo, G. I., Yousif, E. A., & Al-Mashhadani, M. H. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133526 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Bashiri, S., Koirala, P., Toth, I., & Skwarczynski, M.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Venue
- Pharmaceutics
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-10-14
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 965
- ISSN
- 1999-4923 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7602499
- OpenAlex
- W3092797747
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 222
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11
- FWCI
- 0.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council (APP1132975)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- subunit vaccine, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, antigen-presenting cells, mucosal immune response, systemic immune response, antigen delivery systems, mucoadhesion, carbohydrate ligands, vaccine adjuvants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
