CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 407Plant Stress Responses and ToleranceRedox biology and oxidative stressPlant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 270 of the 270 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species during Salt Stress in Plants and Their Crosstalk with Other Signaling Molecules—Current Perspectives and Future Directions

Open access
Kesawat, Mahipal Singh, Satheesh, Neela, Kherawat, Bhagwat Singh, Kumar, Ajay, Kim, Hyun-Uk, Chung, Sang-Min, Kumar, Manu·2023·Plants
DOI 10.3390/plants12040864PMC PMC9964777
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Salt stress is a severe type of environmental stress. It adversely affects agricultural production worldwide. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most frequent phenomenon during salt stress. ROS are extremely reactive and, in high amounts, noxious, leading to destructive processes and causing cellular damage. However, at lower concentrations, ROS function as secondary messengers, playing a critical role as signaling molecules, ensuring regulation of growth and adjustment to multifactorial stresses. Plants contain several enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that can detoxify ROS. The production of ROS and their scavenging are important aspects of the plant’s normal response to adverse conditions. Recently, this field has attracted immense attention from plant scientists; however, ROS-induced signaling pathways during salt stress remain largely unknown. In this review, we will discuss the critical role of different antioxidants in salt stress tolerance. We also summarize the recent advances on the detrimental effects of ROS, on the antioxidant machinery scavenging ROS under salt stress, and on the crosstalk between ROS and other various signaling molecules, including nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, calcium, and phytohormones. Moreover, the utilization of “-omic” approaches to improve the ROS-regulating antioxidant system during the adaptation process to salt stress is also described.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/plants12040864

Cites

270 of 270 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants causes oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis, which severely affects plant growth and productivity. HO•, hydroxyl radical; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; O2•−, superoxide radical; and 1O2, singlet oxygen.
Figure 1 Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants causes oxidative stress, leading to apoptosis, which severely affects plant growth and productivity. HO•, hydroxyl radical; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; O2•−, superoxide radical; and 1O2, singlet oxygen.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Mechanism and site of production of ROS in plants. SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ETC, electron transport chain; OEC, oxygen-evolving center; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; PS I, photosystem I; PS II, photosystem II; O2−•, superoxide anion; 1O2, singlet oxygen; HO•, hydroxyl radical; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; XOD, xanthine oxidase; and UO, urate oxidase.
Figure 2 Mechanism and site of production of ROS in plants. SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ETC, electron transport chain; OEC, oxygen-evolving center; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; PS I, photosystem I; PS II, photosystem II; O2−•, superoxide anion; 1O2, singlet oxygen; HO•, hydroxyl radical; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; XOD, xanthine oxidase; and UO, urate oxidase.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Antioxidant defense machinery in plants: (A) different types of antioxidants and (B) intricate regulatory mechanisms of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. TRX, thioredoxin; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; AA, ascorbic acid; AsA, ascorbate; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase; DHA, dehydroascorbate; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; GSH, reduced glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; MDHAR, monodehydroascorbate reductase; MDHA, monodehydroascorbate; GST, glutathione S-transferase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; DHA, dehydroascorbate; AsA, ascorbate; AA, ascorbic acid; AsA-GSH, ascorbate-glutathione; GLA-I, glyoxalase-I; GLA-II, glyoxalase-II; PPO, polyphenol oxidase; POD, peroxidases; PRX, peroxiredoxins; O2−•, superoxide anion; 1O2, singlet oxygen; HO•, hydroxyl radical.
Figure 3 Antioxidant defense machinery in plants: (A) different types of antioxidants and (B) intricate regulatory mechanisms of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. TRX, thioredoxin; SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; AA, ascorbic acid; AsA, ascorbate; APX, ascorbate peroxidase; DHAR, dehydroascorbate reductase; DHA, dehydroascorbate; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; GSH, reduced glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; MDHAR, monodehydroascorbate reductase; MDHA, monodehydroascorbate; GST, glutathione S-transferase; NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; DHA, dehydroascorbate; AsA, ascorbate; AA, ascorbic acid; AsA-GSH, ascorbate-glutathione; GLA-I, glyoxalase-I; GLA-II, glyoxalase-II; PPO, polyphenol oxidase; POD, peroxidases; PRX, peroxiredoxins; O2−•, superoxide anion; 1O2, singlet oxygen; HO•, hydroxyl radical.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 The mechanisms by which exogenous and endogenous proline ameliorate salt stress tolerance in plants. ROS, reactive oxygen species; HO•, hydroxyl radical; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; O2•−, superoxide radical; 1O2, singlet oxygen; AsA-GSH, ascorbate-glutathione cycle.
Figure 4 The mechanisms by which exogenous and endogenous proline ameliorate salt stress tolerance in plants. ROS, reactive oxygen species; HO•, hydroxyl radical; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; O2•−, superoxide radical; 1O2, singlet oxygen; AsA-GSH, ascorbate-glutathione cycle.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Overview of crosstalk between the different signaling molecules and phytohormones during salt stress tolerance. ROS, reactive oxygen species; O2•−, superoxide anion; 1O2, singlet oxygen; HO•, hydroxyl radical; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; NO, nitric oxide; H2S, hydrogen sulfide; Ca, calcium; SA, salicylic acid; GA, gibberellins; IAA, indole acetic acid; ABA, abscisic acid; SOS, salt overly sensitive; MAPK, mitogen-activated kinase protein.
Figure 5 Overview of crosstalk between the different signaling molecules and phytohormones during salt stress tolerance. ROS, reactive oxygen species; O2•−, superoxide anion; 1O2, singlet oxygen; HO•, hydroxyl radical; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; NO, nitric oxide; H2S, hydrogen sulfide; Ca, calcium; SA, salicylic acid; GA, gibberellins; IAA, indole acetic acid; ABA, abscisic acid; SOS, salt overly sensitive; MAPK, mitogen-activated kinase protein.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Utilization of different “-omics” approaches to develop salt-tolerant cultivars for improving the growth and productivity of different plant species.
Figure 6 Utilization of different “-omics” approaches to develop salt-tolerant cultivars for improving the growth and productivity of different plant species.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 270 references

Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Mehla, N., Sindhi, V., Josula, D., Bisht, P., and Wani, S.H. (2017). Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Systems in Plants: Role and Regulation under Abiotic Stress, Springer.
  2. Hasanuzzaman, M., Hossain, M.A., Silva, J.A., and Fujita, M. (2012). Crop Stress and Its Management: Perspectives and Strategies, Springer.
  3. Maurya, A.K. (2020). Agronomic Crops, Springer.
  4. Loewen, 2000, Catalase—An “old” enzyme that continues to surprise us, ASM News, 66, 76
  5. Scandalios, J.G. (2019). Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants, CRC Press.
  6. Sharma, I., and Ahmad, P. (2014). Oxidative Damage to Plants, Elsevier.
  7. Rao, A., and Reddy, A.R. (2008). Sulfur Assimilation and Abiotic Stress in Plants, Springer.
  8. Kubo, 1993, Primary structure and properties of glutathione reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell Physiol., 34, 1259
  9. Yousuf, P.Y., Hakeem, K.U.R., Chandna, R., and Ahmad, P. (2012). Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants, Springer.
  10. Castro, D., Contreras, L.M., Kurz, L., and Wilkesman, J. (2017). Zymography, Springer.
  11. Barnes, J., Zheng, Y., and Lyons, T. (2002). Air Pollution and Plant Biotechnology, Springer.
  12. Abdelaal, 2021, Salt tolerance activation in faba bean plants using proline and salicylic acid associated with physio-biochemical and yield characters improvement, Fresenius Environ. Bull., 30, 3175
  13. Kesawat, M.S., Das, B.K., Kumar, M., and Bhaganagare, G.R. (2015). Biological Nitrogen Fixation, Wiley Online Library.
  14. Iqbal, N., Masood, A., and Khan, N.A. (2012). Phytohormones and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, Springer.
  15. Yang, D.-Y., Zhuang, K.-Y., and Ma, N.-N. (2022). Protoplasma, Springer.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 407

Related

Metadata

Authors
Kesawat, M. S., Satheesh, N., Kherawat, B. S., Kumar, A., Kim, H.-U., Chung, S.-M., & Kumar, M.
Affiliations
  • Sri Sri University (IN)
  • Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University (IN)
  • Banaras Hindu University (IN)
  • Sejong University (KR)
  • Dongguk University (KR)
Corresponding author
Kumar, Manu
ORCID
Venue
Plants
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-02-14
Volume
12
Issue
4
Pages
864
ISSN
2223-7747 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/plants12040864
PMC
PMC9964777
OpenAlex
W4320917863
Cited by
407
References
270
Citations by year
2026: 132 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 113 · 2023: 22
FWCI
9.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Plants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020R1A2C2008175)
  • Dongguk University Research Fund of 2020–2023 (NRF-2020R1A2C2008175)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Keywords
reactive oxygen species, salt stress, salt tolerance, antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants, ROS signaling, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, calcium signaling, plant hormones, oxidative stress, plant stress response, omics approaches

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review