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Polyphenols: Chemistry, Dietary Sources, Metabolism, and Nutritional Significance
Abstract
Polyphenols constitute one of the most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plant metabolites and are an integral part of both human and animal diets. Ranging from simple phenolic molecules to highly polymerized compounds with molecular weights of greater than 30,000 Da, the occurrence of this complex group of substances in plant foods is extremely variable. Polyphenols traditionally have been considered antinutrients by animal nutritionists, because of the adverse effect of tannins, one type of polyphenol, on protein digestibility. However, recent interest in food phenolics has increased greatly, owing to their antioxidant capacity (free radical scavenging and metal chelating activities) and their possible beneficial implications in human health, such as in the treatment and prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other pathologies. Much of the literature refers to a single group of plant phenolics, the flavonoids. This review offers an overview of the nutritional effects of the main groups of polyphenolic compounds, including their metabolism, effects on nutrient bioavailability, and antioxidant activity, as well as a brief description of the chemistry of polyphenols and their occurrence in plant foods.
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Polyphenols can chelate transition metal cations (e.g., Cu2+ and Fe2+), thus preventing Haber-Weiss and Fenton reactions and inhibiting the activity of many enzymes involved in free radical generation.
“Polyphenols can also chelate transition metal cations (e.g., Cu2+ and Fe2+), thus preventing Haber–Weiss and Fenton reactions (which lead to the generation of the extremely reactive hydroxyl radical •OH) and also inhibiting the activity of many enzymes involved in free radical generation (e.g., xanthine oxidase, protein kinase and lipoxygenase).”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [195]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bravo, L.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Bravo, Laura
- ORCID
- Bravo, Laura
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-04-27
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 317-333
- ISSN
- 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-4887
- OpenAlex
- W1979189704
- Cited by
- 4,030
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 131 · 2023: 181 · 2022: 168 · 2021: 187 · 2020: 241 · 2019: 206 · 2018: 221 · 2017: 212 · 2016: 194 · 2015: 217 · 2014: 237 · 2013: 214 · 2012: 198
- FWCI
- 21.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Keywords
- polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, polyphenol metabolism, food sources, plant-based foods, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, metal chelation, nutrient bioavailability, protein digestibility, antinutritional factors, cancer prevention, cardiovascular disease, human health
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antioxidants, Biological Availability, Diet, Fermentation, Flavonoids, Humans, Minerals, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Phenols, Polymers, Tannins, Polyphenols
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