Oscipk9 interacts with ossos3 and affects salt-related transport to improve salt tolerance
Open accessAbstract
Salt is harmful to crop production. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanism of salt tolerance in rice. CIPK genes have various functions, including regulating salt tolerance and other types of stress and nitrogen use efficiency. In rice, OsCIPK24 is known to regulate salt tolerance, but other OsCIPKs could also function in salt tolerance. In this study, we identified another OsCIPK—OsCIPK9—that can regulate salt tolerance. Knockout of OsCIPK9 in rice could improve salt tolerance. Through expression analyses, OsCIPK9 was found to be mainly expressed in the roots and less expressed in mature leaves. Meanwhile, OsCIPK9 had the highest expression 6 h after salt treatment. In addition, we proved the interaction between OsCIPK9 and OsSOS3. The RNA-seq data showed that OsCIPK9 strongly responded to salt treatment, and the transporters related to salt tolerance may be downstream genes of OsCIPK9. Finally, haplotype analyses revealed that Hap6 and Hap8 mainly exist in indica, potentially providing a higher salt tolerance. Overall, a negative regulator of salt tolerance, OsCIPK9, which interacted with OsSOS3 similarly to OsCIPK24 and influenced salt-related transporters, was identified, and editing OsCIPK9 potentially could be helpful for breeding salt-tolerant rice.
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Salt tolerance mechanisms involve ion transporters OsCIPK9 and TaHKT9, transcription factors WRKY75 and BnaABF2, and ROS scavenging gene PtGSTF1, all contributing to salinity stress adaptation.
“Molecular mechanisms underlying salt tolerance involve a diverse array of genes, including ion transporters (OsCIPK9, TaHKT9), transcription factors (WRKY75, BnaABF2), and genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging (PtGSTF1), all contributing to salinity stress adaptation (Zhou et al., 2023; Du et al., 2023; Ishka and Julkowska, 2023; Ishka et al., 2024; Zhao et al., 2016; Gao et a”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2023
The Conclusions identify OsCIPK9 as a negative regulator of salt tolerance in rice, and the Results (section 2.4) link it to changes in salt-related transporter expression. The paper does not classify OsCIPK9 itself as an ion transporter; it distinguishes OsCIPK9 from downstream transporters such as OsKAT1. The other named genes are not clearly attributed to Zhou et al. in the multi-citation sentence. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOsCIPK9 interacts with OsSOS3, affecting salt-related transport and improving salt tolerance.
“It interacts with OsSOS3, affecting salt-related transport and improving salt tolerance (Zhou et al., 2023).”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2023
Results §2.3 confirms that OsCIPK9 interacts with OsSOS3, and the Abstract links OsCIPK9 to salt-related transporters. But the Introduction and Conclusions identify OsCIPK9 as a negative regulator: knocking it out, rather than OsCIPK9 activity itself, improved salt tolerance. The Conclusions also describe the proposed transporter mechanism as possible, not established. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOsCIPK9 is a crucial regulator of sodium ion homeostasis in rice.
“In rice, the OsCIPK9 gene has been identified as a crucial regulator of sodium ion homeostasis.”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2023
AI tools are extensively utilized in genome exploration, including identification of protein-coding genes, regulatory elements, cell-to-cell gene expression and location, protein-protein interaction networks, and metabolic pathways.
“AI tools are extensively utilized in genome exploration, including the identification of protein-coding genes, regulatory elements, cell-to-cell gene expression and location, protein-protein interaction networks, and metabolic pathways.”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2023
The Results (section 2.4) describe transcriptome, GO and KEGG analyses of rice under salt treatment, while the Methods (sections 5.3 and 5.5) describe a yeast two-hybrid assay and RNA-seq. Searches for AI tools, machine learning and the listed genome-exploration applications found no passage addressing their extensive use. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrediction and analysis of the genetic features of an individual are becoming possible through the DeepSEA and DeepBind models.
“Prediction and analysis of the genetic features of an individual are becoming possible through the DeepSEA and DeepBind models (Zhou et al., 2023).”
From Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops (2025) · cites this paper as Zhou et al., 2023
The Methods sections on RNA-seq (5.5) and haplotype analysis (5.7) describe analyses of rice genes using other tools. Searches for DeepSEA, DeepBind, and prediction of individual genetic features found no passage addressing the cited claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Emerging applications of gene editing technologies for the development of climate-resilient crops
Chavhan, R. L., Jaybhaye, S. G., Hinge, V. R., Deshmukh, A. S., Shaikh, U. S., Jadhav, P. K., Kadam, U. S., & Hong, J. C. (2025) · Frontiers in Genome Editing · doi:10.3389/fgeed.2025.1524767 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zhou, Z., Tang, W., Sun, Z., Li, J., Yang, B., Liu, Y., Wang, B., Xu, D., Yang, J., & Zhang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Lianyungang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lianyungang 222000, China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Yangzhou University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Baoxiang
- Zhang, Yunhui
- Venue
- Plants
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-10-30
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 3723
- ISSN
- 2223-7747 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10647249
- OpenAlex
- W4388017709
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Plants (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Financial Grant Support Program of Lianyungang City (QNJJ1803, QNJJ2201, LYG-SZ201930, BK20221276)
- Special Project of Science and Technology in Northern Jiangsu Province (QNJJ1803, QNJJ2201, LYG-SZ201930, BK20221276)
- The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (QNJJ1803, QNJJ2201, LYG-SZ201930, BK20221276)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Keywords
- salt tolerance, rice, gene knockout, gene expression, haplotype analysis, Indica rice, salt tolerance breeding, negative regulator
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