Chemical Modification and Foam Processing of Polylactide (PLA)

Standau, Tobias; Zhao, Chunjing; Murillo Castellón, Svenja; Bonten, Christian; Altstädt, Volker

doi:10.3390/polym11020306

Cited by 210Polymer Foaming and Compositesbiodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesPolymer crystallization and properties

Chemical Modification and Foam Processing of Polylactide (PLA)

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Standau, Tobias, Zhao, Chunjing, Murillo Castellón, Svenja, Bonten, Christian, Altstädt, Volker·2019·Polymers

DOI 10.3390/polym11020306PMC PMC6419231

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Abstract

Polylactide (PLA) is known as one of the most promising biopolymers as it is derived from renewable feedstock and can be biodegraded. During the last two decades, it moved more and more into the focus of scientific research and industrial use. It is even considered as a suitable replacement for standard petroleum-based polymers, such as polystyrene (PS), which can be found in a wide range of applications—amongst others in foams for packaging and insulation applications—but cause strong environmental issues. PLA has comparable mechanical properties to PS. However, the lack of melt strength is often referred to as a drawback for most foaming processes. One way to overcome this issue is the incorporation of chemical modifiers which can induce chain extension, branching, or cross-linking. As such, a wide variety of substances were studied in the literature. This work should give an overview of the most commonly used chemical modifiers and their effects on rheological, thermal, and foaming behavior. Therefore, this review article summarizes the research conducted on neat and chemically modified PLA foamed with the conventional foaming methods (i.e., batch foaming, foam extrusion, foam injection molding, and bead foaming).

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Commercial grades of PLA are mixtures of L-isomer and a small amount of D-isomer.
“Commercial grades of PLA are mixtures of Lisomer and a small amount of D-isomer (Standau et al., 2019).”
From Phase Structure, Compatibility, and Toughness of PLA/PCL Blends: A Review (2019) · cites this paper as Standau et al., 2019

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Authors: Standau, T., Zhao, C., Murillo Castellón, S., Bonten, C., & Altstädt, V.
Affiliations: University of Bayreuth (DE)
Institut für Kunststofftechnik, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 32, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
University of Stuttgart (DE)
Bavarian Polymer Institute (DE)
Corresponding author: Altstädt, Volker
ORCID: Bonten, Christian
Altstädt, Volker
Venue: Polymers
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2019-02-12
Volume: 11
Issue: 2
Pages: 306
ISSN: 2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/polym11020306
PMC: PMC6419231
OpenAlex: W2914496214
Cited by: 210
References: 268
Citations by year: 2026: 27 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 11
FWCI: 1.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
EPub Bayreuth (University of Bayreuth) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
ERef Bayreuth (University of Bayreuth) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (AL 474/33-1, AL 474/34-1, BO 1600/15-1, BO 1600/40-1)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer Foaming and Composites
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
Keywords: polylactic acid, chemical modification, foam processing, melt strength, chain extension, branching, crosslinking, chemical modifiers, rheology, thermal properties, foaming behavior, extrusion foaming, foam injection molding, batch foaming, biodegradable packaging

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Chemical Modification and Foam Processing of Polylactide (PLA)

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