Review on the Degradation of Poly(lactic acid) during Melt Processing
Open accessAbstract
This review paper presents an overview of the state of the art on process-induced degradation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and the relative importance of different processing variables. The sensitivity of PLA to degradation, especially during melt processing, is considered a significant challenge as it may result in deterioration of its properties. The focus of this review is on degradation during melt processing techniques such as injection molding and extrusion, and therefore it does not deal with biodegradation. Firstly, the general processing and fundamental variables that determine the degradation are discussed. Secondly, the material properties (for example rheological, thermal, and mechanical) are presented that can be used to monitor and quantify the degradation. Thirdly, the effects of different processing variables on the extent of degradation are reviewed. Fourthly, additives are discussed for melt stabilization of PLA. Although current literature reports the degradation reactions and clearly indicates the effect of degradation on PLA’s properties, there are still knowledge gaps in how to select and predict the processing conditions that minimize process-induced degradation to save raw materials and time during production.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Plastics used in food and beverage packaging usually contain additives that can affect polymer degradation and recyclability.
“However, the plastics used in food and beverage packaging are not exclusively composed of polymers but usually contain a number of additives that can affect polymer degradation and recyclability.”
From Effect of Degradation During Multiple Primary Mechanical Recycling Processes on the Physical Properties and Biodegradation of Commercial PLA-Based Water Bottles (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Section 5, “Additives for Melt Stabilization of PLA” (page unavailable), says chain extenders, antioxidants, and fillers can affect PLA degradation during processing. It does not establish that food and beverage packaging plastics usually contain additives or that those additives affect recyclability. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made
Geyer, R., Jambeck, J. R., & Law, K. L. (2017) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782 · Cited by 18,606 · see citing works
Odian, G. (2004) · doi:10.1002/047147875x · Cited by 7,158 · see citing works
Processing technologies for poly(lactic acid)
Lim, L.-T., Auras, R., & Rubino, M. (2008) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2008.05.004 · Cited by 2,766 · see citing works
SINHARAY, S., & BOUSMINA, M. (2005) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2005.05.002 · Cited by 1,611 · see citing works
Mechanistic implications of plastic degradation
Singh, B., & Sharma, N. (2008) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.11.008 · Cited by 1,569 · see citing works
Poly‐Lactic Acid: Production, Applications, Nanocomposites, and Release Studies
Jamshidian, M., Tehrany, E. A., Imran, M., Jacquot, M., & Desobry, S. (2010) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00126.x · Cited by 1,557 · see citing works
Properties of lactic acid based polymers and their correlation with composition
Södergård, A., & Stolt, M. (2002) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/s0079-6700(02)00012-6 · Cited by 1,461 · see citing works
Poly(lactic acid)—Mass production, processing, industrial applications, and end of life
Castro‐Aguirre, E., Iñiguez‐Franco, F., Samsudin, H., Fang, X., & Auras, R. A. (2016) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2016.03.010 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
Polylactide (PLA)-based nanocomposites
Raquez, J.-M., Habibi, Y., Murariu, M., & Dubois, P. (2013) · Progress in Polymer Science · doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.05.014 · Cited by 1,209 · see citing works
Al-Itry, R., Lamnawar, K., & Maazouz, A. (2012) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.028 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
Carrasco, F., Pagès, P., Gámez-Pérez, J., Santana, O. O., & Maspoch, M. L. (2010) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.11.045 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Kister, G., Cassanas, G., & Vert, M. (1998) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00229-2 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Pan, P., Kai, W., Zhu, B., Dong, T., & Inoue, Y. (2007) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma071258d · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Signori, F., Coltelli, M.-B., & Bronco, S. (2009) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.10.004 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Recycling of bioplastics, their blends and biocomposites: A review
Azadeh Soroudi, B., & Jakubowicz, I. (2013) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.07.025 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Recycling of Bioplastics: Routes and Benefits
Lamberti, F. M., Román‐Ramírez, L. A., & Wood, J. (2020) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-020-01795-8 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Bioplastics and petroleum-based plastics: Strengths and weaknesses
Gironi, F., & Piemonte, V. (2011) · Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects · doi:10.1080/15567030903436830 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Control of thermal degradation of polylactide (PLA)-clay nanocomposites using chain extenders
Najafi, N., Heuzey, M., Carreau, P. J., & Wood‐Adams, P. M. (2012) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.016 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Effect of thermo-mechanical cycles on the physico-chemical properties of poly(lactic acid)
Pillin, I., Montrelay, N., Bourmaud, A., & Grohens, Y. (2008) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.12.005 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
van Raamsdonk, L. W. D., van der Zande, M., Koelmans, A. A., Hoogenboom, L. A. P., Peters, R., Groot, M., Peijnenburg, A., & Weesepoel, Y. (2020) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods9010072 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Life Cycle Inventory and Impact Assessment Data for 2014 Ingeo ™ Polylactide Production
Vink, E. T. H., & Davies, S. (2015) · Industrial Biotechnology · doi:10.1089/ind.2015.0003 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Degradation and Recycling of Films Based on Biodegradable Polymers: A Short Review
Scaffaro, R., Maio, A., Sutera, F., Gulino, E. F., & Morreale, M. (2019) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym11040651 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Characterisation of multi-extruded poly(lactic acid)
Zenkiewicz, M., Richert, J., Rytlewski, P., Moraczewski, K., Stepczyńska, M., & Karasiewicz, T. (2009) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2009.01.012 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Zhao, P., Rao, C., Гу, Ф., Sharmin, N., & Fu, J. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.275 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Cuadri, A. A., & Martín‐Alfonso, J. E. (2018) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.02.011 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Crystallization kinetics of virgin and processed poly (lactic acid)
Pantani, R., De Santis, F., Sorrentino, A., De Maio, F., & Titomanlio, G. (2010) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.04.018 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mechanical recycling of polylactide, upgrading trends and combination of valorization techniques
Badia-Valiente, J. D., & Ribes-Greus, A. (2016) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.09.005 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Badia-Valiente, J. D., Strömberg, E., Karlsson, S., & Ribes-Greus, A. (2012) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.12.019 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Steinhoff, B., Brinkmann, C., & Alig, I. (2008) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.010 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Meng, Q., Heuzey, M., & Carreau, P. J. (2012) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.01.030 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Thermal and hydrolytic degradation kinetics of PLA in the molten state
Speranza, V., Meo, A. D., & Pantani, R. (2014) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.031 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Agüero, Á., Morcillo, M. D. C., Quiles‐Carrillo, L., Balart, R., Boronat, T., Lascano, D., Torres‐Giner, S., & Fenollar, O. (2019) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym11121908 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The role of shear and stabilizer on PLA degradation
Oliveira, M., Santos, E., Araújo, A., Fechine, G. J. M., Machado, A. V., & Botelho, G. (2016) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.03.005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
In-process vibrational spectroscopy and ultrasound measurements in polymer melt extrusion
Coates, P. D., Barnes, S. E., Sibley, M. G., Brown, E. C., Edwards, H. G. M., & Scowen, I. J. (2003) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00544-5 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Evaluation of the Technical Viability of Distributed Mechanical Recycling of PLA 3D Printing Wastes
Beltrán, F. R., Arrieta, M. P., Moreno, E., Gaspar, G., Muneta, M. L. M., Carrasco‐Gallego, R., Yáñez, S., Hidalgo-Carvajal, D., de la Orden, M. U., & Urreaga, J. M. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13081247 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Beltrán, F. R., Lorenzo, V., Acosta, J., de la Orden, M. U., & Urreaga, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.020 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Influence of clay organic modifier on the thermal-stability of PLA based nanocomposites
Araújo, A., Botelho, G., Oliveira, M., & Machado, A. V. (2014) · Applied Clay Science · doi:10.1016/j.clay.2013.12.005 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Reprocessing of PLA/Graphene Nanoplatelets Nanocomposites
Botta, L., Scaffaro, R., Sutera, F., & Mistretta, M. C. (2017) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym10010018 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Beltrán, F. R., Infante, C., de la Orden, M. U., & Urreaga, J. M. (2019) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.01.206 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Wachsen, O., Reichert, K. H., Krüger, R., Much, H., & Schulz, G. (1997) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(96)00127-9 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Khankrua, R., Pivsa‐Art, S., Hamada, H., & Suttiruengwong, S. (2014) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.019 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Brüster, B., Addiego, F., Hassouna, F., Ruch, D., Raquez, J., & Dúbois, P. (2016) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.07.017 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Deterioration in the Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Biopolymers Due to Reprocessing
Shojaeiarani, J., Bajwa, D. S., Rehovsky, C., Bajwa, S. G., & Vahidi, G. (2019) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym11010058 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mysiukiewicz, O., Barczewski, M., Skórczewska, K., & Matykiewicz, D. (2020) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym12061333 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Marec, P. E. L., Ferry, L., Quantin, J.-C., Bénézet, J., Bonfils, F., Guilbert, S., & Bergeret, A. (2014) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.10.003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Dedieu, I., Peyron, S., Gontard, N., & Aouf, C. (2022) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2022.107620 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Thermal degradation kinetics study of molten polylactide based on Raman spectroscopy
Lin, Z., Guo, X., He, Z., Liang, X., Wang, M., & Jin, G. (2020) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.25568 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Badia-Valiente, J. D., Strömberg, E., Ribes-Greus, A., & Karlsson, S. (2011) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.05.001 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Nofar, M., Heuzey, M.-C., Carreau, P. J., Kamal, M. R., & Randall, J. (2016) · Journal of Rheology · doi:10.1122/1.4953446 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Tuna, B., & Özkoç, G. (2016) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-016-0856-6 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Amorin, N. S. Q. S., da Rosa, G. S., Alves, J. F., Gonçalves, S. P. C., Franchetti, S. M. M., & Fechine, G. J. M. (2013) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.40023 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Alig, I., Fischer, D., Lellinger, D., & Steinhoff, B. (2005) · Macromolecular Symposia · doi:10.1002/masy.200551141 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Effect of the Recycling and Annealing on the Mechanical and Fracture Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)
Nascimento, L., Gámez‐Pérez, J., Pérez, O. O. S., Velasco, J. I., Maspoch, M. L., & Urquiza, E. A. F. (2010) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-010-0229-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Jain, S., Fuoco, T., Yassin, M. A., Mustafa, K. B. E., & Finne‐Wistrand, A. (2019) · Biomacromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01112 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Impact of Melt Processing Conditions on the Degradation of Polylactic Acid
Aldhafeeri, T., Alotaibi, M., & Barry, C. F. (2022) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym14142790 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Atalay, S. E., Bezci, B., Özdemir, B., Göksu, Y. A., Ghanbari, A., Jalali, A., & Nofar, M. (2021) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-021-02128-z · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Comparison of different processing methods to prepare poly(lactid acid)–hydrotalcite composites
Scaffaro, R., Botta, L., Passaglia, E., Oberhauser, W., Frediani, M., & Landro, L. D. (2013) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.23724 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Influence of recycling of poly(lactic acid) on packaging relevant properties
Hopmann, C., Schippers, S., & Höfs, C. (2014) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.41532 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mechanical recycling simulation of polylactide using a chain extender
de Andrade, M. F. C., Fonseca, G. G., Morales, A. R., & Mei, L. H. I. (2017) · Advances in Polymer Technology · doi:10.1002/adv.21863 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effect of Artificial Weathering on PLA/Nanocomposite Molecular Weight Distribution
Chávez-Montes, W., González‐Sánchez, G., López‐Martínez, E. I., de Lira-Gómez, P., Ballinas‐Casarrubias, L., & Flores-Gallardo, S. G. (2015) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym7040760 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Peinado, V., Castell, P., García, L., & Fernández, Á. (2015) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma8105360 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nekhamanurak, B., Patanathabutr, P., & Hongsriphan, N. (2014) · Energy Procedia · doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.139 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Gámez‐Pérez, J., Nascimento, L., Bou, J. J., Urquiza, E. A. F., Pérez, O. O. S., Carrasco, F., & Maspoch, M. L. (2010) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.33191 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Paakinaho, K., Ellä, V., Syrjälä, S., & Kellomäki, M. (2008) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.11.010 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Tesfaye, M., Patwa, R., Gupta, A., Kashyap, M. J., & Katiyar, V. (2017) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.085 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
PLA Melt Stabilization by High-Surface-Area Graphite and Carbon Black
D′Urso, L., Acocella, M. R., Guerra, G., Iozzino, V., Santis, F. D., & Pantani, R. (2018) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym10020139 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tesfaye, M., Patwa, R., Kommadath, R., Kotecha, P. R., & Katiyar, V. (2016) · Thermochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.tca.2016.09.008 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Structure-properties relationships in melt reprocessed PLA/hydrotalcites nanocomposites
Scaffaro, R., Sutera, F., Mistretta, M. C., Botta, L., & Mantia, F. P. L. (2017) · eXPRESS Polymer Letters · doi:10.3144/expresspolymlett.2017.53 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Process–Property Relationships for Melt-Spun Poly(lactic acid) Yarn
Gajjar, C. R., Stallrich, J. W., Pasquinelli, M. A., & King, M. W. (2021) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c01557 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Crystallization kinetics of polylactide: Reactive plasticization and reprocessing effects
Brüster, B., Montesinos, A., Reumaux, P., Pérez‐Camargo, R. A., Múgica, A., Zubitur, M., Müller, A. J., Dúbois, P., & Addiego, F. (2018) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.01.009 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Beltrán, F. R., Barrio, I., Lorenzo, V., del Río, B., Urreaga, J. M., & de la Orden, M. U. (2018) · Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x18798448 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kesters, E., Vanderzande, D. J. M., Lutsen, L., Penxten, H., & Carleer, R. (2005) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma049545u · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Investigation of the Thermal and Hydrolytic Degradation of Polylactide during Autoclave Foaming
Dreier, J., Brütting, C., Ruckdäschel, H., Altstädt, V., & Bonten, C. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13162624 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Teixeira, P. F., Covas, J. A., & Hilliou, L. H. G. (2020) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109190 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Quantification of thermal material degradation during the processing of biomedical thermoplastics
Ragaert, K., Keyser, A. D., Cardon, L., & Degrieck, J. (2011) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.33323 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Tapia, J. J. B., & Vivaldo‐Lima, E. (2020) · Reactive and Functional Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104628 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kosmalska, D., Janczak, K., Raszkowska-Kaczor, A., Stasiek, A., & Ligor, T. (2022) · Environments · doi:10.3390/environments9050057 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Rotational Molding of Poly(lactic acid): Effect of Polymer Grade and Granulometry
Greco, A., & Maffezzoli, A. (2015) · Advances in Polymer Technology · doi:10.1002/adv.21630 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Crystal structure and drawing-induced polymorphism in poly(aryl ether ether ketone). IV
Liu, T. X., Wang, S., Mo, Z., & Zhang, H. (1999) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990711)73:2 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Gonçalves, F. A. M. M., Cruz, S. M. A., Coelho, J. F. J., & Serra, A. C. (2020) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym12112688 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Scoponi, G., Francini, N., & Athanassiou, A. (2021) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.202000805 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Cinética de degradación térmica de poliácido láctico en múltiples extrusiones
González, A. F. R., & Carrero-Mantilla, J. (2015) · Ingenieria y Universidad · doi:10.11144/javeriana.iyu19-1.tdkp · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Microcellular antibacterial polylactide‐based systems prepared by additive extrusion with ALUM
Moghaddam, M. A., Stloukal, P., Kucharczyk, P., Tor-Świątek, A., Garbacz, T., Pummerová, M., Klepka, T., & Sedlařík, V. (2019) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.4643 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tapia, J. J. B., Champagne, P., Tenorio‐López, J. A., Vivaldo‐Lima, E., & Guerrero‐Santos, R. (2021) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13162791 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lv, Y., Chen, J., Xu, W., & Kong, M. (2020) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.5001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cifuentes, S. C., Saldaña, L., González-carrasco, J. L., Benavente, R., & García-Peñas, A. (2021) · Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.1002/macp.202100274 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Perego (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19960103)59:1
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 89 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [15]Niaounakis M. Introduction Biopolymers: Processing and Products 1st ed. Elsevier Amsterdam, The Netherlands 2015
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Recent Approaches to the Plasticization of Poly(lactic Acid) (PLA) (A Review)
Mastalygina, E. E., & Владимировна, А. К. (2023) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16010087 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Andrzejewski, J., Das, S., Lipik, V. T., Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M., You, X., Tan, L. P., & Chang, B. P. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17184556 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Börner, T., & Zinn, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1406278 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Adam, H., Yousfi, M., Maazouz, A., & Lamnawar, K. (2025) · Macromolecular Materials and Engineering · doi:10.1002/mame.202400414 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Advancing the additive manufacturing of PLA-ZnO nanocomposites by fused filament fabrication
Chong, W. J., Simunec, D. P., Trinchi, A., Kyratzis, I. L., Li, Y., Wright, P., Shen, S., Sola, A., & Wen, C. (2023) · Virtual and Physical Prototyping · doi:10.1080/17452759.2023.2285418 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dissanayake, P. D., Withana, P. A., Sang, M. K., Cho, Y., Park, J., Oh, D. X., Chang, S. X., Lin, C. S. K., Bank, M. S., Hwang, S. Y., et al. (2024) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.13055 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Nifant'ev, I. E., Tavtorkin, A. N., Shlyakhtin, A. V., & Ivchenko, P. V. (2024) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2024.113250 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Schick, S., Heindel, J., Groten, R., & Seide, G. H. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16243498 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Hedayati, R., Alavi, M., & Sadighi, M. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17153674 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Impact of thermomechanical reprocessing on multilayer plastic packaging blend
Zhan, K., Meadows, D. A., Levy, L., Hou, R., Rahman, T. A., Davis, V. A., Davis, E. W., Beckingham, B. S., Via, B. K., Elder, T., et al. (2024) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2024.110710 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Mechanochemical Degradation of Biopolymers
Jicsinszky, L., Bucciol, F., Chaji, S., & Cravotto, G. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28248031 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Hlaváčiková, S., Omaníková, L., Horváth, V., Alexy, P., Jančovičová, V., Baco, A., Mikolajová, M., Fogašová, M., Tomanová, K., Feranc, J., et al. (2023) · Results in Materials · doi:10.1016/j.rinma.2023.100511 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comparing lignin and spent coffee grounds as bio‐fillers in PLA 3D ‐printable filaments
Lage‐Rivera, S., Ares‐Pernas, A., Dopico, S., Covas, J. A., & Abad, M. J. (2024) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.28782 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Lendvai, L., Fekete, I., Jakab, S. K., Szarka, G., Verebélyi, K., & Iván, B. (2024) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103013 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Guan, J., Zhang, C., Xu, P., Niu, D., Yang, W., Zhang, X., Liu, T. X., & Ma, P. (2024) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130029 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Banana waste valorisation and the development of biodegradable biofilms
Kumari, S., Debbarma, R., Habibi, M., Haque, S., & Suprasanna, P. (2025) · Waste Management Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.wmb.2025.100213 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
3D Printing Wood–PLA Composites: The Impact of Wood Particle Size
Jasiński, W., Szymanowski, K., Nasiłowska, B., Barlak, M., Betlej, I., Prokopiuk, A., & Borysiuk, P. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17091165 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Hong, S. J., Ahn, K., Kim, J. T., & Kim, Y. (2025) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105294 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
da Silva, F. U., Luna, C. B. B., da Silva, F. S., Barreto, J. V. M., Schmitz, D. P., Soares, B. G., Wellen, R. M. R., & Araújo, E. M. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17020246 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rong-or, C., Pongputthipat, W., Ruksakulpiwat, Y., & Chumsamrong, P. (2024) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-024-05229-6 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Economou, C. Ν., Bertozzi, S. M., Nardi, M., Paul, U. C., Fiorentini, F., Ferrari, G., Contardi, M., Armirotti, A., Fragouli, D., & Athanassiou, A. (2025) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132807 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Woo, S. I., Kim, N.-I., & Wee, J.-W. (2025) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111497 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pedrini, F., Gomes, R. C., Moraes, A. D. S., Antunes, B. S. L., Motta, A. C., Dávila, J. L., Hausen, M. D. A., Komatsu, D., & Duek, E. A. D. R. (2023) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2023.126585 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Rheological Changes in Bio-Based Filaments Induced by Extrusion-Based 3D Printing Process
Patti, A., & Acierno, S. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17153839 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Singh, J., Kumar, R., & Chaurasiya, S. (2025) · Nanoscale · doi:10.1039/d5nr01975c · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kaptan, A. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17121637 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Muñoz-Shugulí, C., Morán, D., Velásquez, E., López-Vilariño, J. M., & López-de-Dicastillo, C. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17182542 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Enhancing the Hydrolytic Stability of Poly(lactic acid) Using Novel Stabilizer Combinations
Hallstein, J., Metzsch‐Zilligen, E., & Pfaendner, R. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16040506 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Muthe, L. P., Pickering, K. L., & Gauss, C. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17225554 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Impact of Mechanical Recycling on Ligno-Cellulose Fibre Containing PLA Biocomposite
Asad, F., Immonen, K., Kiiskinen, T., Mikkelson, A., & Sarlin, E. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17060732 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Munir, N., de Lima, T. A. D. M., Nugent, M., & McAfee, M. (2024) · Functional Composite Materials · doi:10.1186/s42252-024-00063-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Tabary, S. A. A. B., Karimi, N., & Fayazfar, H. R. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app142310973 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Ding, R., Shan, X., Ding, L., Qiu, X., Zhang, B., Li, X., Liang, X., & Guo, X. (2026) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5c11616 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Machado, A. C., da Costa, A., Rodrigues, A. R. M., Moreira, P. F., Duarte, F. M., & Pontes, A. J. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17131766 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Malbos, L. B., Iglesias-Montes, M. L., Seoane, I. T., Cyras, V. P., & Manfredi, L. B. (2025) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2025.1620653 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Guastaferro, M., Gigante, V., Aliotta, L., Lazzeri, A., & Nicolella, C. (2025) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111406 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fetisova, A. A., bin Firoz, A., Lozhkomoev, A. S., Ивановна, С. Е., Ryumin, E. E., Surmeneva, M. A., & Анатольевич, С. Р. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18010140 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Visualization of Polymer Chain Scission during Melt Processing Using a Mechanochromic Probe
Khawdas, W., Kubota, Y., Yamamoto, T., Otsuka, H., & Itô, H. (2024) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02182 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Yin, N., Wang, Y., Gao, S., & Shen, C. (2023) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.55074 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Effect of Fiber Cross-Sectional and Surface Properties on the Degradation of Biobased Polymers
Schick, S., Weinberger, A., Groten, R., & Seide, G. H. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16213096 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Modeling Thermal, Mechanical, and Hydrolytic Degradation of PLA During Single‐Screw Extrusion
Velghe, I., Buffel, B., Vandeginste, V., Thielemans, W., & Desplentere, F. (2025) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.56906 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationTailoring PLA/Gelatin Film Properties for Food Packaging Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
Castro, M. C. R., Pereira, J., André, M. P., Pereira, P., Cruz, V., Rodrigues, P. V., & Machado, A. V. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31010039 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
John, A., Črešnar, K. P., Stanley, J., Vohl, S., Makuc, D., Bikiaris, D. Ν., & Zemljič, L. F. (2025) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2025.108707 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ohnmacht, H., Fiorillo, C., Trossaert, L., Reyes, P., Cardon, L., Edeleva, M., & D’hooge, D. (2025) · ACS Applied Polymer Materials · doi:10.1021/acsapm.5c00569 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Schick, S., Groten, R., Weinberger, A., & Seide, G. H. (2024) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym16121650 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Srisa, A., Hahn, S., & Harnkarnsujarit, N. (2025) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2025.112750 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Stretchability and Melt Strength Enhancement of Biodegradable Polymer Blends for Packaging Solutions
Laevsky, K. D., Zilberfarb, A., Ophir, A., & Dotan, A. L. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30153211 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Fuentes, M., Cadena, H., Remache, A., Flor-Unda, O., Sarria, S., Delgado, J., Bonilla-Valladares, P. M., & Bou, S. F. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17212864 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Velghe, I., Buffel, B., Vandeginste, V., Thielemans, W., & Desplentere, F. (2025) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.56698 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationTerzi, M., Celestre, V., Tang, P., Madsen, J., & Daugaard, A. E. (2025) · European Polymer Journal · doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2025.113841 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lu, Z.-Y., Zhao, C., Li, Z., Chi, Z.-Y., Li, X., Wei, S.-Y., Liu, C.-W., & Xiao, W. (2025) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2025.160382 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of Continuous Mixer Design and Parameters on the Degradation of Polylactic Acid
Alotaibi, M., Shah, J., Sadani, A., & Barry, C. F. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17111568 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Martínez-Sánchez, J. A., Romero, P. E., & Comino, F. (2025) · Ceramics International · doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2025.10.451 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Šuput, D. Z., Kurek, M., & Stupar, A. (2026) · Coatings · doi:10.3390/coatings16080894 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Polylactic acid: a chemically derived polymers for sustainable packaging
Łopusiewicz, Ł., & Macieja, S. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13567-5.00004-6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
de Jesus, L. C. C., Teixeira, L. A., & Luz, S. M. (2025) · Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/08927057251404435 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Suvanjumrat, C., Chansoda, K., Promtong, M., Saengchan, K., Titaviriyo, N., & Chookaew, W. (2026) · Cleaner Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.clet.2026.101213 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Polylactide Modified with ZnO and Raspberry Leaf Extract as Active Food Packaging
Zdanowicz, M., Mizielińska, M., & Jankowski, W. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27094002 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bharatish, A., Murthy, H. N. N., Harish, D. V. N., Kumar, S. M., & Solaiachari, S. (2024) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.55625 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Effect of melt processing conditions on the degradation of PLA during single-screw extrusion
Velghe, I., Buffel, B., Vandeginste, V., Thielemans, W., & Desplentere, F. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0205344 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationHomogeneous biopolymer films based on polybutylene adipate terephthalate for packaging applications
Kralin, A., Kamjaikittikul, A., Lertvilai, P., Sirisaksoontorn, W., & Jamnongkan, T. (2025) · Journal of Materials Science · doi:10.1007/s10853-025-10891-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
de Assis, C. L. F., Tiene, K. D. S., & Magosse, G. B. (2025) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.70250 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Advancements in 3D printed hemp-PLA composites: A sustainable approach for additive manufacturing
Mahesh, M. B., Sathish, M. B., Rangaswamy, M., Jamadar, N. S., Puttegowda, M., & Nagaraju, S. B. (2025) · Next research. · doi:10.1016/j.nexres.2025.101168 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sulay, R., Sunny, S. A., Bushramol, S., Arshana, A. N., Alzahrani, A. Y. A., & Thomas, R. (2026) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.70322 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kennedy, A. R., Das, A., Williams, C. B., Slattery, L., Martin, S. M., Hull, M. S., Griggs, C. S., & Bortner, M. J. (2026) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c23498 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Adam, H., Yousfi, M., Maazouz, A., & Lamnawar, K. (2026) · Rheologica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00397-026-01561-y · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Brezeanu, D., Brezeanu, A.-M., & Tica, V. (2026) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules31071094 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Influence of Molecular Weight on Functional Performance and Migration of PLA Food‐Contact Films
Moyadee, C., Chaloeijitkul, K., Wadaugsorn, K., & Sane, A. (2026) · Polymer Engineering and Science · doi:10.1002/pen.70510 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Goetjes, V., Klein, T., Zarges, J., & Heim, H. (2026) · Journal of Materials Research and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2026.04.036 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mechanically Recycled PLA Films Reinforced with Rice Husk and Carbonized Rice Husk Particles
González-Serrud, S., González-Valoys, A. C., & Arrieta, M. P. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18080982 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kumar, A., Kaul, R. P., Singla, P., Pathak, R., Shaikh, W. A., & Parikh, S. J. (2026) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2026.109699 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Muhammed, A. P., Raorane, C. J., Thangarasu, S., Davies, A., Choe, Y., Cho, S., Kim, S. C., & Oh, T. H. (2026) · Food Packaging and Shelf Life · doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2026.101809 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Recycling of Poly(lactic acid): From Molecular Degradation to Circular End-of-Life Strategies
Saygin, H., & Baysal, A. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18141731 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sustainable Biopolymer Composites From Perlite, Plasticized and Unplasticized Poly(Lactic Acid)
Toprakçı, H. A. K., Savcı, D. Y., & Toprakçı, O. (2024) · International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics · doi:10.30897/ijegeo.1467716 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Li, X., Zang, M., Zhang, L., Jiang, W., Zhao, X., Jiang, X., & Yao, W. (2024) · Organometallics · doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.4c00295 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Impacts of Rotor Design, Screw Design, and Processing Parameters in a Farrel Continuous Mixer
Alotaibi, M., & Barry, C. F. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17050619 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Evaluating Polylactic Acid and Basalt Fibre Composites as a Potential Bioabsorbable Stent Material
Mulkerins, S., Yan, G., Colbert, D. M., Devine, D. M., Doran, P., Connolly, S., & Gately, N. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym17141948 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lukoschek, S., Frankenbach, L. A., Kruppke, I., & Cherif, C. (2025) · Journal of Polymers and the Environment · doi:10.1007/s10924-025-03535-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Piezoelectric Polymer Blends Interfacing Biomedical Technologies
Panfilo, A., Montilla, A., Schönlein, R., Larrañaga, A., & Ugartemendia, J. M. (2025) · Engineering materials · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-88736-9_7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hiller, B. T., Wnuk, A., Krieg, D., Schübel, L., Azzi, J. L., Meins, T., Nase, M., & Puch, F. (2025) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2025.111515 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Musa, N. H., Yusuf, S. M., Gao, N., & Samad, S. (2025) · Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/08927057251371601 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Rubio‐Emazabel, L., Polo, Y., Muñoz, A., Geijo, D., & Fernández, J. O. (2025) · Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Applied Biomaterials · doi:10.1002/jbm.b.35678 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Manley, A., Es‐haghi, S. S., & Tripp, C. P. (2025) · Cellulose · doi:10.1007/s10570-025-06850-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Alemi, M. H., & Jalali‐Arani, A. (2025) · SPE Polymers · doi:10.1002/pls2.70027 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
de Bomfim, A. S. C., Leite, L. D. P., Saraiva, A. C. V., de Oliveira, D. M., Cioffi, M. O. H., Koga‐Ito, C. Y., Benini, K. C. C. D. C., & Voorwald, H. J. C. (2025) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-025-06089-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Pongputthipat, W., Ruksakulpiwat, Y., Ruksakulpiwat, C., Jarukumjorn, K., & Chumsamrong, P. (2025) · Polymer Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s00289-025-06105-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Light-activated self-healing poly (lactic acid) for durable FDM 3D printing applications
Pagés-Llobet, A., Julián, F., Espinach, F. X., Ardanuy, M., Oliver-Ortega, H., & Méndez, J. A. (2025) · Reactive and Functional Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2025.106607 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Processing and Characterization of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Films Containing Pomegranate Peel Powder
Uslu, Ö. F., Krieg, D., Hiller, B. T., Taştan, Ö., & Aral, N. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18020274 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Melt strength enhancing additives for reactive extrusion of polylactide – a comparative study
Malsch, F. (2026) · Polymer Testing · doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2026.109104 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
de Castro, L. L. R. L., Neiva, L. G. D. S., Andrade, D. S. C., de Almeida, Y. M. B., Silva, H. D. S. E., Alves, T. S., & Barbosa, R. (2026) · Polymers for Advanced Technologies · doi:10.1002/pat.70550 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Townsend, M. J., Lutonsky, C., Vajipeyajula, B., Asadi, A. A., Tai, B. L., & Patterson, A. E. (2026) · Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials · doi:10.1177/08927057261434860 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adam, H., Nada, S., Yousfi, M., Maazouz, A., & Lamnawar, K. (2026) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.6c00704 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cartoni, F., BERRUGI, V., Aboudia, A., Chadni, M., Gigante, V., & Coltelli, M. (2026) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18121553 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fabrication‐Dependent Enzymatic Degradation of Poly(Lactic Acid) Microplastics
Ferrari, G., Economou, C. Ν., Marras, S., Sganga, S., Athanassiou, A., & Fragouli, D. (2026) · Advances in Polymer Technology · doi:10.1155/adv/1672019 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Singh, J., & Kumar, R. (2025) · Progress in Additive Manufacturing · doi:10.1007/s40964-025-01048-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Khankaew, S., Wattanawikan, N., Prathum, P., Khumsap, S., Suwannawatanamatee, K., Tongsawang, A., Tanwilaisiri, A., & Panichayupakaranant, P. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4890329
Abu-Danso, E., Weingart, N., Standau, T., Altstädt, V., Kukkonen, J. V. K., & Ruckdäschel, H. (2024) · Materials Today Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.mtsust.2024.101029
Sztajnowski, S., Pabjańczyk-Wlazło, E. K., Bacciarelli-Ulacha, A., & Puchalski, M. (2025) · Journal of Achievements of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0055.1109
Goetjes, V., Klein, T., Zarges, J.-C., & Heim, H.-P. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5518992
Compatibilizing Effects of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB)/Mica Composites
Lee, H.-W., Lee, H., & Jang, K. (2025) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym18010040
- Authors
- Velghe, I., Buffel, B., Vandeginste, V., Thielemans, W., & Desplentere, F.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Velghe, Ineke
- Desplentere, Frederik
- Venue
- Polymers
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2023-04-25
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2047
- ISSN
- 2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10181416
- OpenAlex
- W4367053420
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 2.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) (1S16122N)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Injection Molding Process and Properties
- Keywords
- polylactic acid, melt processing, injection molding, extrusion, process parameters, degradation monitoring, rheology, thermal properties, mechanical properties, biodegradable polymers
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review