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Cited by 284Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applicationsPolysaccharides Composition and ApplicationsRheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies

Mechanical Properties of Alginate Hydrogels Cross-Linked with Multivalent Cations

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Malektaj, Haniyeh, Drozdov, Aleksey D., deClaville Christiansen, Jesper·2023·Polymers
DOI 10.3390/polym15143012PMC PMC10386690
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Abstract

Ionically, cross-linked alginate gels have a potential to be used in a wide range of biomedical, environmental and catalytic applications. The study deals with preparation of alginate hydrogels cross-linked with various cations and the analysis of their equilibrium swelling and mechanical properties. It is shown that the type of cations used in the cross-linking process affects the elastic moduli and the equilibrium degree of swelling of the gels. The experimental data in small-amplitude oscillatory tests are fitted with a model that involves two material parameters: the elastic modulus of a polymer network and a measure of its inhomogeneity. The influence of cations on these quantities is studied numerically. It is revealed that the dependence of the elastic modulus of ionically cross-linked alginate gels on their equilibrium degree of swelling differs from that predicted by the conventional theory for covalently cross-linked gels.

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  • Incorporating multivalent ions such as Ba2+ or Sr2+ can enhance network stability, prolonging the material's functional lifespan.

    “incorporating multivalent ions such as Ba2+ or Sr2+ can enhance network stability, prolonging the material’s functional lifespan (Figure 9A) [187,188,189].”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [189]

    The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that Ba2+ can form a tighter alginate structure than Ca2+ and that Sr2+ binds more strongly to alginate. These findings support a possible improvement in network structure, but the paper does not establish that either ion prolongs the material’s functional lifespan; its Conclusions report Sr–alginate and Ca–alginate have equal elastic moduli. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Ionic crosslinking with Ca2+ allows for rapid gelation and easy hydrogel formation.

    “While ionic crosslinking with Ca2+ allows for rapid gelation and easy hydrogel formation, incorporating multivalent ions such as Ba2+ or Sr2+ can enhance network stability, prolonging the material’s functional lifespan (Figure 9A) [187,188,189].”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [189]

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Malektaj, H., Drozdov, A. D., & deClaville Christiansen, J.
Affiliations
  • Aalborg University (DK)
  • Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Corresponding author
Malektaj, Haniyeh
ORCID
Venue
Polymers
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-07-12
Volume
15
Issue
14
Pages
3012
ISSN
2073-4360 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/polym15143012
PMC
PMC10386690
OpenAlex
W4384037845
Cited by
284
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 126 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 9
FWCI
22.94
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Polymers (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
ESS SMART (Structure of Materials in Real Time) (9091-00010B)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies
Keywords
alginate hydrogel, ionic crosslinking, multivalent cations, mechanical properties, elastic modulus, equilibrium swelling

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