High Accuracy Acoustic Relative Humidity Measurement inDuct Flow with Air
Open accessAbstract
An acoustic relative humidity sensor for air-steam mixtures in duct flow is designed and tested. Theory, construction, calibration, considerations on dynamic response and results are presented. The measurement device is capable of measuring line averaged values of gas velocity, temperature and relative humidity (RH) instantaneously, by applying two ultrasonic transducers and an array of four temperature sensors. Measurement ranges are: gas velocity of 0-12 m/s with an error of ± 0.13 m/s, temperature 0-100 °C with an error of ± 0.07 °C and relative humidity 0-100% with accuracy better than 2 % RH above 50 °C. Main advantage over conventional humidity sensors is the high sensitivity at high RH at temperatures exceeding 50 °C, with accuracy increasing with increasing temperature. The sensors are non-intrusive and resist highly humid environments.
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Ultrasonic sensor performance can be degraded via vehicle corner error, temperature variation and relative humidity, false echoes caused by turbulence, and acoustic or electric noise.
“Ultrasonic sensor performance can be degraded via vehicle corner error [16], temperature variation and relative humidity [17], false echoes caused by turbulence [18], and acoustic or electric noise [19].”
From Sensor-Based Prognostic Health Management of Advanced Driver Assistance System for Autonomous Vehicles: A Recent Survey (2022) · cites this paper as [17]
Citation [17] is attached to temperature variation and relative humidity, not the other listed errors. The Introduction says both affect the speed of sound, and Dynamic Response says temperature fluctuations can delay or distort the acoustic humidity measurement. The paper uses changes in relative humidity as the quantity to be measured; it does not establish that humidity itself degrades sensor performance. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Cites
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Raouf, I., Khan, A., Khalid, S., Sohail, M., Azad, M. M., & Kim, H. S. (2022) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math10183233 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Schaik, W. V., Grooten, M., Wernaart, T., & Geld, C. V. D.
- Affiliations
- Van Schaik Innovation Handling B.V., Glaslaan 2, Building SWA 1.032, 5616 LW, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Geld, Cees van der
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2010-08-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 7421-7433
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3231182
- OpenAlex
- W2147141062
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Technische Universiteit Eindhoven
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Flow Measurement and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Keywords
- ultrasonic transducers, duct flow, steam-air mixture, gas velocity measurement, temperature measurement, humidity sensor calibration, dynamic response, non-intrusive sensing
- MeSH terms
- Acoustics, Air, Calibration, Equipment Design, Gases, Humidity, Temperature, Reproducibility of Results
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