Fast Optical Humidity Sensor Based on Hydrogel Thin Film Expansion for Harsh Environment
Open accessAbstract
With the application of a recently developed deposition method called initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), responsive hydrogel thin films in the order of a few hundred nanometers were created. When in contact with humid air, the hydrogel layer increases its thickness considerably. The measurement of the thickness change was realized interferometrically with a laser and a broadband light source in two different implementations. The relative change in thickness with respect to humidity can be described with the Flory–Huggins theory. The required Flory–Huggins interaction parameter was determined for the actual hydrogel composition. The setup was designed without electric components in the vicinity of the active sensor layer and is therefore applicable in harsh environments such as explosive or corrosive ones. The implemented sensor prototype delivered reproducible relative humidity ( R H ) values and the achieved response time for an abrupt change of the humidity τ 63 ≤ 2.5 s was about three times faster compared to one of the fastest commercially available sensors on the market.
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Buchberger et al. prepared PHEMA hydrogel films on the order of several hundred nanometers using chemical vapor deposition.
“In addition, hydrogel films of PHEMA on the order of several hundred nanometers were prepared by Buchberger et al. [272] using chemical vapor deposition.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Buchberger et al. [272]
They used Flory-Huggins theory to describe the variation of the relative thickness of the hydrogels in relation to RH; the thickness of the hydrogels increased significantly when they were in contact with humid air.
“They used Flory–Huggins theory to describe the variation of the relative thickness of the hydrogels in relation to the RH in the environment. The thickness of the hydrogels increased significantly when they were in contact with humid air.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Buchberger et al. [272]
They determined the relevant interference constant x for PHEMA in combination with water over a wide range of humidity, enabling the application of this hydrogel sensor for humidity sensing in the range of 3 to 97% RH.
“They determined the relevant interference constant x for PHEMA in combination with water over a wide range of humidity, thus enabling the application of this hydrogel sensor for humidity sensing in the range of 3 to 97% RH.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Buchberger et al. [272]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors.
Luo, Y., Li, J., Ding, Q., Wang, H., Liu, C., & Wu, J. (2023) · Nano-Micro Letters · doi:10.1007/s40820-023-01109-2 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
“In addition, hydrogel films of PHEMA on the order of several hundred nanometers were prepared by Buch-berger et al. [272] using chemical vapor deposition.”
MethodWu, Z., Ding, Q., Li, Z., Zhou, Z., Luo, L., Tao, K., Xie, X., & Wu, J. (2022) · Science China Materials · doi:10.1007/s40843-021-2022-1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Buchberger, A., Peterka, S., Coclite, A. M., & Bergmann, A.
- Affiliations
- Graz University of Technology (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Buchberger, Anton
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-02-26
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 999
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6427288
- OpenAlex
- W2917803668
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Österreichische Forschungsförderungsgesellschaft (861163)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- optical humidity sensor, hydrogel thin films, initiated chemical vapor deposition, Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, relative humidity, harsh environment sensing, fast response time
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