Ultrasensitive, stretchable, and transparent humidity sensor based on ion-conductive double-network hydrogel thin films
Open accessAbstract
Ion-conductive hydrogels with intrinsic biocompatibility, stretchability, and stimuli-responsive capability have attracted considerable attention because of their extensive application potential in wearable sensing devices. The miniaturization and integration of hydrogel-based devices are currently expected to achieve breakthroughs in device performance and promote their practical application. However, currently, hydrogel film is rarely reported because it can be easily wrinkled, torn, and dehydrated, which severely hinders its development in microelectronics. Herein, thin, stretchable, and transparent ion-conductive double-network hydrogel films with controllable thickness are integrated with stretchable elastomer substrates, which show good environmental stability and ultrahigh sensitivity to humidity (78,785.5%/% relative humidity (RH)). Benefiting from the ultrahigh surface-area-to-volume ratio, abundant active sites, and short diffusion distance, the hydrogel film humidity sensor exhibits 2 × 10 5 times increased response to 98% RH, as well as 5.9 and 7.6 times accelerated response and recovery speeds compared with the bulk counterpart, indicating its remarkable thickness-dependent humidity-sensing properties. The humidity-sensing mechanism reveals that the adsorption of water improves the ion migration and dielectric constant, as well as establishes the electrical double layer. Furthermore, the noncontact human-machine interaction and real-time respiratory frequency detection are enabled by the sensors. This work provides an innovative strategy to achieve further breakthroughs in device performance and promote the development of hydrogel-based miniaturized and integrated electronics. Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s40843-021-2022-1.
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This hydrogel sensor exhibits relatively good humidity selectivity but still cannot exclude the interference of temperature and strain.
“With the benefit of ultra-high humidity response, this hydrogel sensor exhibits relatively good humidity selectivity, but still cannot exclude the interference of temperature and strain (Fig. 15a2).”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Wu et al. [152]
The paper’s opening summary (page not supplied) reports an ultrahigh humidity response for this hydrogel sensor. It does not establish humidity selectivity or say that temperature and strain interfere with its readings; sensitivity to humidity alone does not establish either point. (LLM, conf=0.80)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWu et al. fabricated PAM/Carr hydrogel films of different thicknesses by tuning the suspension rate and integrated them on plasma-treated PDMS substrates to prepare intrinsically stretchable, ion-conductive, highly transparent and high-performance humidity sensors.
“Wu et al. [152] fabricated PAM/Carr hydrogel films of different thicknesses by tuning the suspension rate and integrated them on plasma-treated PDMS substrates to prepare intrinsically stretchable, ion-conductive, highly transparent and high-performance humidity sensors.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Wu et al. [152]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe thin film hydrogel shows higher humidity response than the bulk one, with sensitivity up to 78,785.5% RH%−1.
“The thin film hydrogel shows higher humidity response than the bulk one, and it has a sensitivity up to 78,785.5% RH%−1, as shown in Fig. 15a1.”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as Wu et al. [152]
Addition of LiBr to PAM/Carr hydrogels significantly inhibited dehydration and freezing.
“Wu et al. [152] added lithium bromide (LiBr) to PAM/Carr hydrogels using the immersion method, which significantly inhibited dehydration and freezing”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [152]
The unlabelled opening passage says the hydrogel films have good environmental stability, but does not identify LiBr, PAM/Carr, immersion, or tests of dehydration and freezing. Searches for LiBr, carrageenan, immersion, dehydration, and freezing found no passage in our copy that addresses the attributed treatment or its effects. (LLM, conf=0.70)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFreezing point of hydrogel decreased from −13.7 to −43.7°C after addition of LiBr, indicating improved freezing resistance.
“the freezing point of the hydrogel decreased from − 13.7 to − 43.7 °C after the addition of LiBr, as shown in Fig. 4b3, which indicates the improved freezing resistance”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [152]
The unlabelled summary passage describes the hydrogel films’ environmental stability and humidity sensing, but gives no freezing-point measurements. Searches of our copy for LiBr, lithium bromide, freezing resistance, and the values −13.7 and −43.7°C found no passage addressing the claimed change. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
PAM/Carr hydrogels without LiBr decreased significantly in volume and became fragile after 48 h at 25°C and RH 43%, whereas hydrogel with LiBr had minimal variations with enhanced water storage capacity.
“the volume of the hydrogel without LiBr decreased significantly and became fragile after 48 h, whereas the hydrogel with LiBr has minimal variations with enhanced water storage capacity”
From Functionalized Hydrogel-Based Wearable Gas and Humidity Sensors. (2023) · cites this paper as [152]
The opening passage (section and page unavailable) says hydrogel films can dehydrate and that the reported films show good environmental stability. Searches for LiBr, PAM/Carr, 48 hours, and the stated temperature and humidity found no passage comparing volume, fragility, or water storage with and without LiBr. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Wu, Z., Ding, Q., Li, Z., Zhou, Z., Luo, L., Tao, K., Xie, X., & Wu, J.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Jin
- Venue
- Science China Materials
- Published
- 2022-05-12
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2540-2552
- ISSN
- 2095-8226 (ISSN-L)
- 2199-4501
- PMC
- PMC9109751
- OpenAlex
- W4280589977
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 2.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Science China Materials (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61801525)
- Sun Yat-sen University (22lgqb17)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (22lgqb17)
- Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2020A1515010693)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Keywords
- humidity sensor, double-network hydrogel, wearable electronics, water adsorption, ion migration, dielectric constant, electric double layer, human-machine interaction
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